Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of patients admitted with COVID‐19 stratified by COVID‐19 antibody
| Patients without COVID‐19 antibody (N = 1,522) | Patients with COVID‐19 antibody (N = 937) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | |||
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 65.6 (16.8) | 64.7 (16.7) | 0.23 |
| Male, n (%) | 837 (55.0) | 534 (57.0) | 0.35 |
| Race/ethnicity, n (%) | |||
| White | 561 (36.9) | 261 (27.9) | <0.001 |
| African American | 240 (15.8) | 187 (20.0) | |
| Hispanic | 316 (20.8) | 221 (23.6) | |
| Asian | 119 (7.8) | 80 (8.5) | |
| Other | 286 (18.8) | 188 (20.1) | |
| Comorbidities | |||
| COPD, n (%) | 82 (5.4) | 32 (3.4) | 0.031 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 558 (36.7) | 333 (35.5) | 0.60 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | |||
| Atrial fibrillation, n (%) | 130 (8.5) | 69 (7.4) | 0.34 |
| Heart failure, n (%) | 136 (8.9) | 72 (7.7) | 0.31 |
| Coronary artery disease, n (%) | 243 (16.0) | 128 (13.7) | 0.14 |
| Vital signs | |||
| Temperature, median [IQR] | 38.0 [37.4–38.8] | 37.5 [37.2–38.4] | <0.001 |
| Respiratory rate (/min), median [IQR] | 20.0 [18.0–20.0] | 20.0 [18.0–22.0] | 0.70 |
| O2 saturation (%), median [IQR] | 90.0 [84.0–92.0] | 90.0 [86.0–93.0] | <0.001 |
| Blood tests | |||
| White blood cell (K/μl), median [IQR] | 6.10 [4.56–8.11] | 8.30 [6.40–11.50] | <0.001 |
| eGFR (ml/min./1.73m2), median [IQR] | 69.8 [46.8–93.9] | 75.4 [49.0–97.4] | 0.009 |
| C reactive protein (mg/L), median [IQR] | 66.3 [28.0–119.7] | 97.1 [46.4–173.0] | <0.001 |
| d‐Dimer (μg/ml), median [IQR] | 0.94 [0.58–1.72] | 1.39 [0.79–2.83] | <0.001 |
| Treatment | |||
| Therapeutic anticoagulation, n (%) | 497 (32.7) | 329 (35.1) | 0.23 |
| Prophylactic anticoagulation, n (%) | 978 (64.3) | 553 (59.0) | 0.01 |
| Steroid treatment, n (%) | 1318 (86.6) | 697 (74.4) | <0.001 |
| IL‐6 inhibitor, n (%) | 30 (2.0) | 20 (2.1) | 0.90 |
| Convalescent plasma, n (%) | 698 (45.9) | 83 (8.9) | <0.001 |
| Use of remdesivir, n (%) | 701 (46.1) | 244 (26.0) | <0.001 |
| In‐hospital outcomes | |||
| In‐hospital mortality | 298 (19.6) | 128 (13.7) | <0.001 |
| Intensive care unit admission | 328 (21.6) | 186 (19.9) | 0.34 |
| Endotracheal intubation | 202 (13.3) | 90 (9.6) | 0.008 |
| Acute kidney injury | |||
| No acute kidney injury | 1186 (78.2) | 752 (80.4) | 0.45 |
| Stage 1 | 117 (7.7) | 57 (6.1) | |
| Stage 2 | 48 (3.2) | 28 (3.0) | |
| Stage 3 | 166 (10.9) | 98 (10.5) | |
| Length of stay, median [IQR], days | 7.25 [4.04–13.8] | 6.31 [3.72–11.2] | <0.001 |
Abbreviations: COVID‐19, coronavirus disease 2019; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; IL‐6, interleukin‐6; IQR, interquartile range; SD, standard deviation.