TABLE 1.

Randomized control screening trials on oral, cervix and breast cancers conducted in India

Publication	1	2	3	4	5
Location	Trivandrum District, Kerala, India	Dindigul District, Tamil Nadu, India	Osmanabad District, Maharashtra, India	Mumbai, Maharashtra, India	Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
Screening test	Oral visual inspection	VIA screening	HPV testing, Cytology and VIA screening	VIA screening	Clinical Breast Examination
Provider	Trained Health workers	Trained Nurses	Trained Auxiliary nurse midwives	Primary Health workers	Trained female primary health workers
Sample size	191 873	80 654	131 746	151 538	151 538
Screening round	3	1	1	4	4
Surveillance	Trivendrum PBCR, HBCR of RCC, source visits and household visits	Dindigul district PBCR, Medical records, Source visits, House hold visits by registry staff	District death‐registration offices, hospital records, annual home visits by Barshi registry staff	Primarily through door to door visits and later cross checked the data with Mumbai Cancer Registry	Primarily through home visits and later cross checked the data with Mumbai Cancer Registry
Outcome	34% reduction in the mortality in tobacco or alcohol users (0.66 95% CI [0.45‐0.95])	35% Reduction in the cervical cancer mortality (0.65 95% CI [0.47‐0.89])	53% significant reduction in rate of advanced cervical cancer (0.47 95% CI [0.32‐0.69]) and 48% reduction in associated mortality in HPV testing group (0.52 95% CI [0.33‐0.83])	31% reduction in Mortality in the screening group (0.69 95% CI [0.54‐0.88])	Nearly 30% reduction in mortality in women ≥50 and older (0.71 95% CI [0.54‐0.94])

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; HBCR, Hospital Based Cancer Registry; HPV, human papillomavirus; PBCR, Population Based Cancer Registry; RCC, Regional Cancer Centre; VIA, visual inspection with acetic acid.