Table 1.

Summary of included studies

Study name	Design	Intervention	Dose	Follow‐up	Age, year	Male, %	White, %	BMI	Diabetes, %	Heart disease, %	Chronic lung disease, %	Severe liver disease, %	Severe kidney impairment, %	ICU admission, %	Use of corticosteroids, %	SARS‐CoV‐2 test positive, %
RECOVERY 23	Randomized, controlled, open‐label, platform trial	AZ vs. control	AZ 500 mg once per day by mouth or intravenously for 10 days or until discharge	28 days	65.4 (15.6) vs. 65.2 (15.7)	62 vs. 62	76 vs. 77	NR	27 vs. 28	27 vs. 26	24 vs. 25	2 vs. 1	6 vs. 6	NR	61 vs. 61	91 vs. 92
DISCOVERY 24	Randomized, controlled, open‐label trial	HCQ vs. control	HCQ: four tablets (200 mg) at hour 0, and at hour 6, and, starting at hour 12, two tablets twice daily for 10 days.	28 days	<50 years: 335 vs. 317; 50–69 years: 410 vs. 396; ≥70 years: 202 vs. 193	50.6 vs. 59.1	199 vs. 205	NR	199 vs. 205	193 vs. 194	62 vs. 66	15 vs. 14	NR	NR	NR	NR
HAHPS 20	Randomized Open‐Label, Active Comparator Trial	HCQ vs. AZ	AZ loading dose of 500 mg on the first day, followed by 250 mg daily for the next 4 days. HCQ orally as a loading dose of 400 mg twice on the first day followed by 200 mg twice daily for the following 4 days	28 days	51 (42–60) vs. 58 (43–68)	67 vs. 54	60 vs. 67	NR	35 vs. 33	9 vs. 7	NR	0 vs. 2	7 vs. 12	NR	2 vs. 5 (before enrollment)	100
TEACH 27	Double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, randomized clinical trial	HCQ vs. control	Dosing of both HCQ and calcium citrate was 400 mg (2 tablets) by mouth 2 times per day (day 1) and 200 mg (1 tablet) by mouth 2 times per day (days 2–5);	30 days	66.5 (16.4) vs. 65.8 (16.0)	67.2 vs. 50.8	34.3 vs. 29.5	BMI < 30: 74.7 vs. 52.4; BMI ≥ 30: 36.0 vs. 47.7	28.4 vs. 36.1	31.3 vs. 21.3	7.5 vs. 6.6	NR	10.4 vs. 4.9	13.4 vs. 8.2	10.4 vs. 9.8	100
ORCHID 26	Randomized, blinded, placebo‐controlled trial	HCQ vs. control	HC 400 mg twice daily for 2 doses, then 200 mg twice daily for 8 doses	28 days	58 (45–69) vs. 57 (43–68)	55.8 vs. 55.7	31.0 vs. 28.6	31.3 (26.4–37.2) 31.1 (27.2–36.5)	36.4 vs. 32.9	7.9 vs. 9.7	7.4 vs. 8.9	NR	11.6 vs. 5.9	NR	18.4 of the participants	100
RECOVERY 28	Randomized, controlled, open‐label platform trial	HCQ vs. control	hydroxychloroquine sulfate (in the form of a 200‐mg tablet) in a loading dose of four tablets (total dose, 800 mg) at baseline and at 6 h, which was followed by two tablets (total dose, 400 mg) starting at 12 h after the initial dose and then every 12 h for the next 9 days or until discharge, whichever occurred earlier	28 days	65.2 ± 15.2 vs. 65.4 ± 15.4	61.5 vs. 62.6	75.7 vs. 72.8	NR	27.4 vs. 27.1	27 vs. 25	21.4 vs. 22.6	1.2 vs. 1.5	7.1 vs. 8.3	16.7 vs. 16.9	NR	89.6 vs. 90.9
COALITION‐II 22	Open‐label, randomized clinical trial	AZ vs. control	500 mg via oral, nasogastric, or intravenous administration once daily for 10 days	30 days	59.4 (49.3–70.0) vs. 60·2 (52.0–70.1)	65 vs. 67	NR	26.4 (23.5–31.8) vs. 27·2 (23.7–31.7)	38 vs. 39	7 vs. 5	6 vs. 7	NR	12 vs. 10	NR	21 vs. 15	100
Sekhavati 25	Open‐label, randomized controlled trial	AZ + HCQ vs. HCQ	oral AZ 500 mg daily, oral LPV/r 400/100 mg twice daily and oral HCQ 400 mg daily for 5 days	30 days after discharge	54.38 ± 15.92 vs. 59.89 ± 15.55	50.00 vs. 41.82	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	100
Abd‐Elsalam 19	Open‐label, randomized controlled trial	HCQ vs. control	HCQ 400 mg twice daily (in day 1) followed by 200 mg tablets twice daily	4 weeks	40.35 ± 18.65 vs. 41.09 ± 20.07	57.7 vs. 59.8	NR	BMI < 30: 37.1 vs. 39.2; BMI≥ 62.8 vs. 62.8	NR	NR	NR	0.0 vs. 2.1	2.1 vs. 4.1	11.3 vs. 13.4	NR	100
COALITION‐I 21	Randomized, open‐label, three‐group, controlled trial	AZ + HCQ vs. HCQ vs. control	HC 400 mg twice daily vs. HC 400 mg twice daily plus AZ 500 mg once daily for 7 days	15 days	49.6 ± 14.2 vs. 51.3 ± 14.5 vs. 49.9 ± 15.1	56.7 vs. 64.3 vs. 54.2	NR	NR	18.4 vs. 21.3 vs. 17.6	1.8 vs. 1.4 vs. 1.3	1.8 vs. 1.8 vs. 1.8	NR	0.9 vs. 0.5 vs. 0.9	13.8 vs. 14.5 vs. 13.2	1.8 vs. 0.5 vs. 1.3	79.3 vs. 71.9 vs. 76.2

Abbreviations: AZ, azithromycin; BMI, body mass index; HCQ, hydroxychloroquine; ICU, intensive care unit; NR, not reported.