Table 3.
Mode of action and main effects of enzymes used in pig diets at growing stage.
| Enzyme | Action Mode | Main Effects | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mannanase | Improves AID of AA. ATTD of DM, NDF, ADF, GE, CP, Ca, mannose, galactose, phosphorus, blood glucose concentration and BUN. Digestibility of N. | -Increases ADG, ADFI and G: F. -Decrease in the population of fecal coliforms and NH3. |
Ao et al., 2010; Jo et al., 2012; Kim et al., 2013; Lv et al., 2013; Yoon et al., 2010; (Kim et al., 2017); Upadhaya et al., 2016a |
| Phytase | Improves AID of DM lysine, threonine, serine, isoleucine, asparagine and valine. ATTD of P, Ca, DM, GE, leucine, lysine, phenylalanine, alanine and cysteine. | -Increases ADG, FCR and G: F. -Decreases ADFI and fecal P excretion. Plasma calcium concentration, as well as plasma and bone alkaline phosphatase activity. |
Nortey et al., 2007; Kim et al., 2008; Zeng et al., 2011; Woyengo et al., 2016 |
| Protease | Improves ATTD of DM, GE, CP and BUN. Nutrient digestibility. | -Increases ADG, G: F. Blood creatinine levels. -Decreases the emission of ammonia gasses, blood norepinephrine levels and the emission of harmful gasses. |
Jo et al., 2012; Nguyen et al., 2019 |
| Xylanase | Improves AID of DM, AA, Isoleucine, P and CP. Nutrient transport. Digestibility of N. | -Increased G: F, FCR and glucose. -Decreases ADFI. |
Nortey et al., 2007; Kim et al., 2008; Ao et al., 2010; Owusu-Asiedu et al., 2012; Agyekum et al., 2015 |
| Mannosidase | Improves AID of AA. Digestibility of N. | -Increases ADG, BUN and glucose. | Ao et al., 2010 |
| Galactosidase | Improves AID of the DM and AA. Digestibility of N. | -Increases ADG, BUN and glucose | Ao et al., 2010 |
| Galactomannase | Improves AID of the DM, and AA. Digestibility of N. | -Increased glucose. | Ao et al., 2010 |
| Amylase | Improves ATTD of the DM, GE, CP, and BUN. | -Increased ADG and G: F. | Jo et al., 2012 |
| Glucanase | Improves AID of DM, AA and CP. Nutrient transport. Digestibility of N. | Increased G: F and glucose. | Agyekum et al., 2015; Ao et al., 2010; Owusu-Asiedu et al., 2012 |
AID: Apparent ileal digestibility; DM: Dry matter; GE: Gross energy; CP: Crude protein; ATTD: Apparent total tract digestibility; P: Phosphorus; ADG: Average daily weight gain; G:F ratio: Gain Feed ratio; ADF: Acid detergent fiber; NDF: Neutral detergent fiber; FCR: Feed conversion ratio; ADFI: Average daily feed intake; Ca: Calcium; AA: Amino acids; N: Nitrogen; BUN: Blood urea nitrogen.