Table 1.
Number of articles after applying selection criteria for each biomarker of conversion to secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS).
| Biomarkers of conversion to SPMS | Eligible | Articles included in | |
|---|---|---|---|
| articles (n) | the review (n) | ||
| Clinical biomarkers | EDSS | 38 | 6 |
| MSFC | 18 | 12 | |
| SDMT | 16 | 11 | |
| Visual function | 4 | 3 | |
| Olfactory function | 12 | 7 | |
| MRI | Brain atrophy | 49 | 9 |
| SELs | 13 | 7 | |
| Spinal cord atrophy | 22 | 8 | |
| OCT | pRNFL, mGCIPL | 15 | 11 |
| Biomarkers in blood | Nf | 21 | 8 |
| and CSF | GFAP | 11 | 4 |
| sTREM2 | 2 | 1 | |
| CHI3L1 | 11 | 4 | |
CHI3L1, chitinase 3-like 1; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; EDSS, Expanded Disability Status Scale; GFAP, glial fibrillary acidic protein; mGCIPL, macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; MSFC, Multiple Sclerosis Functional Composite; Nf, neurofilament; OCT, optical coherence tomography; pRNFL, peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer; SDMT, Symbol Digit Modalities Test; SELs, slowly expanding lesions; sTREM2, soluble triggering receptor 2.