Table 2.
Factors independently associated with food security since the pandemic, chi-square analysis (n = 525).
| Food secure | Food insecure | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Count | % | Count | % | p diff* | |
| High food worries | 128 | 44.0 | 170 | 69.1 | p < 0.001 |
| Negative job impact due to COVID-19 | 73 | 25.1 | 127 | 51.6 | p < 0.001 |
| Food source: store | 282 | 96.9 | 229 | 93.1 | p < 0.05 |
| Food source: delivery | 89 | 30.6 | 135 | 54.9 | p < 0.001 |
| Food source: restaurant | 210 | 72.2 | 186 | 75.6 | 0.366 |
| Food source: food assistance | 42 | 14.4 | 92 | 37.4 | p < 0.001 |
| Food source: local food source | 77 | 26.5 | 99 | 40.2 | p < 0.01 |
| Used SNAP since COVID-19 | 67 | 23.0 | 126 | 51.2 | p < 0.001 |
| Used WIC since COVID-19 | 7 | 2.4 | 30 | 12.2 | p < 0.001 |
| Used school meals since COVID-19 | 13 | 4.5 | 41 | 16.7 | p < 0.001 |
| Used food bank since COVID-19 | 27 | 9.3 | 57 | 23.2 | p < 0.001 |
| Used other food assistance since COVID-19 | 3 | 1.0 | 2 | 0.8 | 0.793 |
| Used any food assistance since COVID-19 | 95 | 32.7 | 171 | 69.5 | p < 0.001 |
| Purchased more fresh produce since COVID-19 | 94 | 32.3 | 111 | 45.1 | p < 0.01 |
| Purchased more frozen produce since COVID-19 | 81 | 27.8 | 7 | 43.5 | p < 0.001 |
| Purchased more snack foods since COVID-19 | 76 | 26.1 | 94 | 38.2 | p < 0.01 |
| Purchased more juice/soda since COVID-19 | 67 | 23.0 | 83 | 33.7 | p < 0.01 |
| Purchased more frozen dinners since COVID-19 | 62 | 21.3 | 85 | 34.6 | p < 0.01 |
| Race/ethnicity | |||||
| Non-Hispanic White | 45 | 15.5 | 15 | 6.1 | p < 0.001 |
| Black or African American | 146 | 50.2 | 104 | 42.3 | |
| Hispanic | 100 | 34.4 | 127 | 51.6 | |
| Income | |||||
| < $13,000 | 43 | 14.8 | 49 | 19.9 | p < 0.01 |
| $13,000–24,999 | 36 | 12.4 | 46 | 18.7 | |
| $25,000–49,999 | 72 | 24.7 | 74 | 30.1 | |
| $50,000–74.999 | 59 | 10.3 | 36 | 14.6 | |
| $75,000+ | 81 | 27.8 | 41 | 16.7 | |
| Gender | |||||
| Male | 115 | 39.5 | 84 | 34.2 | 0.199 |
| Female, transgender, non-binary | 176 | 60.5 | 162 | 65.9 | |
| Education | |||||
| High school or less | 76 | 26.1 | 71 | 28.9 | p < 0.05 |
| Some college | 60 | 20.6 | 65 | 26.4 | |
| 2-year degree | 48 | 16.5 | 53 | 21.5 | |
| 4-year degree | 78 | 26.8 | 40 | 16.3 | |
| Graduate studies | 29 | 10.0 | 17 | 6.9 | |
| Age | |||||
| 18–24 | 39 | 13.4 | 54 | 22 | p < 0.001 |
| 25–34 | 51 | 17.5 | 82 | 33.3 | |
| 35–44 | 62 | 21.3 | 45 | 18.3 | |
| 45–54 | 48 | 16.5 | 29 | 11.8 | |
| 55–64 | 44 | 15.1 | 26 | 10.6 | |
| 65+ | 47 | 16.2 | 10 | 4.1 | |
*
p difference from chi-square analysis.