Table 2. Group × Time Interactions for Primary and Secondary Study Outcomes.
| Measure | B (SD)a | df | t Value | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EPDS score | −2.94 (8.67) | 375.46 | −6.57 | <.001b |
| GAD-7 score | −2.86 (9.45) | 368.70 | −5.80 | <.001b |
| SPS score | 2.32 (15.32) | 311.61 | 2.68 | .008b |
| PBQ-IB score | −1.23 (10.84) | 360.96 | −2.16 | .03b |
| PBQ-RPA score | −0.76 (7.54) | 358.02 | −1.91 | .06 |
| PBQ-IFA score | −1.10 (5.03) | 362.69 | −4.19 | <.001b |
| IBQ-R-PA/SUR score | 0.55 (2.05) | 349.38 | 4.97 | <.001b |
| IBQ-R-NA score | 0.33 (2.19) | 359.69 | 2.82 | .005b,c |
| IBQ-R-ORC score | 0.12 (1.42) | 343.68 | 1.58 | .12 |
Abbreviations: EPDS, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale; GAD-7, 7-item General Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire; IB, impaired bonding; IBQ-R, Infant Behavior Questionnaire–Revised Very Short Form; IFA, infant-focused anxiety; NA, negative emotionality; ORC, orienting/regulatory capacity; PA/SUR, positive affectivity/surgency; PBQ, Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire; RPA, rejection and pathological anger; SPS, Social Provisions Scale.
Analyses were conducted using linear mixed models controlling for workshop facilitator as a fixed effect.
Statistically significant (P < .05) mean difference.
Control group participants reported a significant change in IBQ-R-NA scores over time, whereas experimental participants did not (time βs stratified by group reported in text).