Table 1. Demographic and Baseline Characteristics.
| Characteristic | No. (%) | P value, standardized difference | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Control (n = 54) | POINT (n = 48) | ||
| Age, median (IQR), y | 55 (48-65) | 46 (39-53) | .01 |
| Sex | |||
| Female | 42 (77.8) | 37 (77.1) | >.99 |
| Male | 12 (22.2) | 11 (22.9) | |
| BMI, median (IQR) | 26.6 (24.4-31.4) | 25.5 (22.1-30) | .09 |
| History of narcotic use | |||
| Never | 15 (27.8) | 16 (33.3) | .73 |
| Previously after surgery | 30 (55.6) | 26 (54.2) | |
| Previously for a limited perioda | 6 (11.1) | 6 (12.5) | |
| Previously for chronic pain | 2 (3.7) | 0 | |
| Not answered | 1 (1.9) | 0 | |
| PHQ-2 screen | |||
| Positive | 21 (38.9) | 14 (29.2) | .54 |
| Negative | 30 (55.6) | 30 (62.5) | |
| Not answered | 3 (5.6) | 4 (8.3) | |
| Preoperative cancer diagnosis | |||
| Yes | 15 (27.8) | 14 (29.2) | >.99 |
| No | 39 (72.2) | 34 (70.8) | |
| Procedure | |||
| Parathyroidectomy | 29 (53.7) | 16 (33.3) | .11 |
| Thyroid lobectomy | 15 (27.8) | 20 (41.7) | |
| Total thyroidectomy | 12 (22.2) | 12 (25.0) | |
| Operative time, median (IQR), min | 70 (57.3-88) | 79 (64.5-108) | .03 |
| Overnight stay | |||
| Yes | 20 (37.0) | 20 (41.7) | .69 |
| No | 34 (63.0) | 28 (58.3) | |
| Prescription | |||
| Hydrocodone, 5 mg, with acetaminophen, 325 mg | 45 (83.3) | 22 (95.7) | .83 |
| Codeine, 30 mg, with acetaminophen, 300 mg, #3 | 6 (11.1) | 1 (4.3) | |
| Tramadol, 50 mg | 2 (3.7) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Oxycodone, 5 mg | 1 (1.9) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Survey administration type | |||
| PRIME for Patients mobile app | 41 (75.9) | 33 (68.8) | .22 |
| 9 (16.7) | 14 (29.2) | ||
| Telephone | 4 (7.4) | 1 (2.1) | |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared); IQR, interquartile range; PHQ-2, Patient Health Questionnaire-2; POINT, postoperative opt-in narcotic treatment.
a
Defined as less than 90 consecutive days.