Table 4.
Cross-level interaction models reporting coefficients (standard errors) for loneliness regressed on the interaction between context and demographic characteristics
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Home | Alone | |||||||
|
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| Model 1a | Model 1b | Model 2a | Model 2b | |||||
|
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| EMA-level | ||||||||
| Physical context | ||||||||
| Home (ref: outside the home) | 0.07 | *** | 0.08 | *** | ||||
| (0.01) | (0.01) | |||||||
| Social context | ||||||||
| Alone (ref: not alone) | 0.12 | *** | 0.08 | *** | ||||
| (0.01) | (0.01) | |||||||
| EMA- x Respondent-level | ||||||||
| Home x female | −0.03 (0.02) |
* | ||||||
| Home x race (ref: Non-Hispanic White) | ||||||||
| Home x Non-Hispanic Black | −0.07 | *** | ||||||
| (0.02) | ||||||||
| Home x Non-Black Hispanic | −0.05 | * | ||||||
| (0.02) | ||||||||
| Alone x female | −0.07 (0.02) |
*** | ||||||
| Alone x race (ref: Non-Hispanic White) | ||||||||
| Alone x Non-Hispanic Black | −0.02 | |||||||
| (0.02) | ||||||||
| Alone x Non-Black Hispanic | 0.00 | |||||||
| (0.02) | ||||||||
| Health status (ref: excellent/very good) | ||||||||
| Good | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | ||||
| (0.01) | (0.01) | (0.01) | (0.01) | |||||
| Fair/poor | −0.01 | −0.01 | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||||
| (0.02) | (0.02) | (0.02) | (0.02) | |||||
| Marital status | ||||||||
| Married/partnered | −0.06 | * | −0.06 | * | −0.05 | * | −0.05 | * |
| (0.02) | (0.02) | (0.02) | (0.02) | |||||
| Employment status | ||||||||
| Employed (any) | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | ||||
| (0.04) | (0.04) | (0.04) | (0.04) | |||||
| Respondent-level | ||||||||
| Gender | ||||||||
| Female | −0.11 | ** | −0.14 | *** | −0.10 | ** | −0.13 | *** |
| (0.04) | (0.04) | (0.04) | (0.03) | |||||
| Race/ethnicity | ||||||||
| Non-Hispanic Black | −0.03 | 0.03 | −0.02 | −0.01 | ||||
| (0.04) | (0.05) | (0.04) | (0.04) | |||||
| Non-Black Hispanic | −0.07 | −0.03 | −0.07 | −0.08 | ||||
| (0.05) | (0.05) | (0.05) | (0.05) | |||||
| Education | ||||||||
| High school | −0.03 | −0.03 | −0.03 | −0.03 | ||||
| (0.05) | (0.05) | (0.05) | (0.05) | |||||
| Some college | −0.06 | −0.06 | −0.05 | −0.06 | ||||
| (0.05) | (0.05) | (0.05) | (0.05) | |||||
| College + | −0.03 | −0.04 | −0.03 | −0.03 | ||||
| (0.05) | (0.05) | (0.05) | (0.05) | |||||
| Age at baseline | −0.05 | −0.06 | −0.05 | −0.05 | ||||
| (0.05) | (0.05) | (0.05) | (0.05) | |||||
| Previous loneliness report | 0.23 | *** | 0.23 | *** | 0.23 | *** | 0.23 | *** |
| (0.01) | (0.01) | (0.01) | (0.01) | |||||
| Constant | 1.28 | *** | 1.27 | *** | 1.20 | *** | 1.24 | *** |
| Variance components | (0.20) | (0.20) | (0.20) | (0.20) | ||||
| EMA-level variance | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.13 | ||||
| Respondent-level variance | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.08 | ||||
| Additional information | ||||||||
| Log likelihood | −5257.33 | −5251.77 | −5221.26 | −5229.75 | ||||
| Pseudo R2 | 0.35 | 0.35 | 0.34 | 0.34 | ||||
| Number of EMA observations | 342 | 342 | 342 | 342 | ||||
| Number of respondents | 12451 | 12451 | 12451 | 12451 | ||||
Note. Standard errors are presented below estimates. Measures of loneliness are coded so that higher values represent greater loneliness.
*
p<.05
**
p<.01
***
p<.001.