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. 2021 Aug 26;12:703593. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2021.703593

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Copyright © 2021 Li, Wang, Han, Wu, Zhu, Fang, Bi, Chen, Yao and Wang.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Angiogenesis-related gene and protein expression in the co-culture group. (A) VEGF gene expression was improved by 50 ng/mL Nell-1 treatment in days 3 and 7. (B) Flk-1 gene expression was improved by 50 ng/mL Nell-1 treatment in days 2 and 7, but was decreased in day 3 and 14. (C,D) Flk-1 protein expression was increased by 50 and 100 ng/mL Nell-1 treatment in days 3, 7, and 14. (E,F) VEGF protein expression was increased by 50 ng/mL Nell-1 treatment in days 3, 7, and 14. Data are shown as the mean ± SD. (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001).