Table 4.
Associations Between Severe Symptoms and Frequent Exacerbator Status and Heart Rate Recovery (HRR, bt/min) in Patients with COPD
| Dependent Variables | OR (95% CI) HRR as a Continuous Variable | OR (95% CI) by Quintile of HRR | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HRR≤5 (n=548) | 6≤HRR≤10 (n=479) | 11≤HRR≤15 (n=379) | 16≤HRR≤22 (n=373) | HRR≥23 (n=348) | P for Trend | ||
| Exacerbation frequency ≥ 2 | 0.987 (0.976 to 0.998)* | 1 (reference) | 1.043 (0.732 to 1.504) | 0.613 (0.394 to 0.955)* | 0.632 (0.406 to 0.984)* | 0.439 (0.305 to 0.796)# | <0.001 |
| mMRC ≥ 2 | 0.986 (0.979 to 0.993)# | 1 (reference) | 0.844 (0.653 to 1.091) | 0.667 (0.508 to 0.876)* | 0.667 (0.507 to 0.879)* | 0.620 (0.468 to 0.821)* | <0.001 |
| CAT ≥ 10 | 0.985 (0.977 to 0.992)# | 1 (reference) | 0.832 (0.633 to 1.094) | 0.718 (0.540 to 0.957)* | 0.650 (0.487 to 0.867)* | 0.568 (0.425 to 0.759)# | <0.001 |
Notes: Data are presented as Odds ratio (95% CI). *P<0.05, #P<0.001, assessed by multivariate logistic regression models adjusted for age, sex, race, BMI, smoking status, and CVD history. P for trend were estimated by logistic regression models including the median of each quartile as a continuous variable.
Abbreviations: HRR, heart rate recovery; CAT, COPD assessment test; mMRC, modified Medical Research Council dyspnoea scale; OR, odds ratio.