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. 2021 Aug 26;11:720147. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.720147

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Copyright © 2021 Chi, Lin, Meng, Tan, Gong and Tong

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Ultrastructural changes of RAW264.7 cells infected with E. faecalis OG1RF under TEM (A) Control RAW264.7 cells showing an intact cell membrane. (B) Cellular ultrastructure of apoptotic-like changes: cell shrinkage. (C) Cellular ultrastructure of pyroptotic-like changes: swollen cells with incomplete cell membrane. (D) Cellular ultrastructure of necroptotic-like changes: swollen cells with ruptured cell membrane. (E) Engulfed E. faecalis in monolayer membrane vesicles 6 h post-infection. (F) Some escaped E. faecalis cells outside of membrane vesicles. The yellow arrow indicates E. faecalis surrounded by monolayer membrane vesicles, and the white arrow represents escaped E. faecalis cells outside of membrane vesicles. Scale bar: 1μm.