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. 2021 Aug 26;15:698501. doi: 10.3389/fnbeh.2021.698501

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Copyright © 2021 Kalamari, Kentrop, Hinna Danesi, Graat, van IJzendoorn, Bakermans-Kranenburg, Joëls and van der Veen.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Effect of complex housing on sucrose reward and behavior in the liberation task. The motivation to work for sugar (number of sucrose rewards earned) in a progressive ratio design is depicted in the (A1) and (B1) graphs. The motivation to liberate a cage mate (number of completed ratios) in an adapted progressive ratio design is depicted in the (A2) and (B2) graphs. Motivation to open the doors in the Not Trapped configuration is depicted in the (A3) and (B3) graphs. Panel (A) shows the main experiment with Sucrose reward (n = 24 in each exp group), Escape to box 1 (n = 24 in each exp group) and not Trapped (n = 14 in each exp group) configurations, and Panel (B) shows preliminary data with Sucrose reward, Escape to box 2 and not Trapped configurations (n = 5 in each exp group). Data represent individual data points and mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.