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. 2021 Aug 26;15:698501. doi: 10.3389/fnbeh.2021.698501

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Copyright © 2021 Kalamari, Kentrop, Hinna Danesi, Graat, van IJzendoorn, Bakermans-Kranenburg, Joëls and van der Veen.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) recorded during the first (FR1) trial of the Not Trapped configuration in the complex housing experiment. Vocalizations are presented as the percentage of time rats emit these USVs. Per experimental group, 14 pairs of rats were included of which two rats (complex housed) did not open the doors (data points depicted in orange). (A) 22 kHz (alarm) calls and (B) 50 kHz (appetitive) calls before and after door opening for standard and complex housed rats. (C) The relation between 22 kHz vocalizations (before door opening) and door opening latency and (D) the relation between 50 kHz vocalizations (before door opening) and door opening latency. SH, standard housed (black line); CH, complex housed (dashed line). It should be noted that the number of time animals emitted alarm calls was very low in this configuration. For this reason, the scaling of Figure 7 differs slightly from Figure 6. Data represent individual data points and mean ± SEM.