Table 3.

Associations between maternal risk factors and gestational diabetes mellitus in univariate analysis and multivariate analysis, applying the ₂₀₁₇Norwegian criteria

Variables	Univariate analysis			Model 1ª: r2 = 0.158			Model 2єr2 = 0.157
	Odds ratio	95% CI	P-value	aOR	95% CI	P-value	aOR	95% CI	P-value
Age (years)			0.001			0.003			0.003
≤ 25	1			1			1
25–29.9	0.76	0.52–1.14	0.191	0.90	0.57–1.41	0.651	0.86	1.20–2.58	0.495
30–34.9	0.82	0.55–0.21	0.319	1.07	0.67–1.71	0.768	1.00	0.64–1.56	0.984
≥ 35	1.42	0.93–2.16	0.100	1.84	1.10–3.07	0.020	1.73	1.07–2.80	0.026
Pre-pregnancy BMI (kg/m2)			< 0.001			< 0.001			< 0.001
≤ 25	1			1			1
25–26.9	1.86	1.30–2.66	0.001	1.76	1.20–2.57	0.004	1.77	1.21–2.58	0.003
27–29.9	2.73	1.89–3.95	< 0.001	2.60	1.75–3.87	< 0.001	2.64	1.78–3.92	< 0.001
≥ 30	5.97	4.31–8.26	< 0.001	4.96	3.43–7.16	< 0.001	5.12	3.56–7.35	< 0.001
non-European ethnicity	4.36	3.35–5.69	< 0.001	2.46	1.53–3.94	< 0.001	2.72	1.78–4.13	< 0.001
Parous	1.53	1.21–1.94	< 0.001	0.99	0.73–1.34	0.955
Education						0.725
Higher education	1			1
high school education	2.07	1.59–2.71	< 0.001	1.12	0.79–1.58	0.504
primary or less	4.60	3.11–6.80	< 0.001	1.21	0.69–2.09	0.509
Height (cm)	0.95	0.93–0.96	< 0.001	0.99	0.96–1.01	0.341
Current smoker	1.66	0.89–3.11	0.112	1.29	0.65–2.56	0.454
Cohort
Stork Rikshospitalet	1
FFF	0.77	0.52–1.15	0.200
STORK Groruddalen	2.70	2.03–3.57	< 0.001
TRIP	0.41	0.26–0.64	< 0.001
Diabetes in family*	1.88	1.40–2.53	< 0.001

Binary logistic regression was performed, ₂₀₁₇Norway criteria

^aAdjusted for age, pre-pregnancy BMI, ethnicity, parity, education, height, smoking and cohort (not shown)

^єAdjusted for age, pre-pregnancy BMI, ethnicity and cohort (not shown)

Abbrevations: aOR adjusted odds ratio, CI confidens interval, BMI body mass index

* Not measured in Fit for Delivery