Table 4.

Associations between maternal risk factors and gestational diabetes mellitus in univariate analysis and multivariate analysis, applying the ₂₀₁₃WHO criteria

Variables	Univariate analysis			Model 1ª: r2 = 0.164			Model 2єr2 = 0.163
	Odds ratio	95% CI	P-value	aOR	95% CI	P-value	aOR	95% CI	P-value
Age (years)			< 0.001			< 0.001			< 0.001
≤ 25	1			1			1
25–29.9	0.74	0.53–1.01	0.062	0.91	0.63–1.32	0.622	0.87	0.60–1.25	0.445
30–34.9	0.85	0.62–1.17	0.321	1.24	0.84–1.83	0.267	1.18	0.82–1.70	0.381
≥ 35	1.50	1.07–2.13	0.020	2.17	1.42–3.33	< 0.001	2.07	1.38–3.09	< 0.001
Pre-pregnancy BMI (kg/m2)			< 0.001			< 0.001			< 0.001
≤ 25	1			1			1
25–26.9	1.84	1.38–2.46	< 0.001	1.69	1.24–2.30	0.001	1.70	1.25–2.32	< 0.001
27–29.9	3.23	2.40–4.35	< 0.001	2.96	2.15–4.09	< 0.001	3.02	2.18–4.16	0.001
≥ 30	4.84	3.60–6.49	< 0.001	3.90	2.80–5.43	< 0.001	4.06	2.93–5.61	< 0.001
non-European ethnicity	3.79	3.00–4.78	< 0.001	1.91	1.28–2.86	0.002	2.17	1.51–3.10	< 0.001
Parous	1.49	1.23–1.80	< 0.001	1.02	0.79–1.31	0.875
Education						0.340
Higher education	1			1
high school education	1.89	1.52–2.36	< 0.001	1.43	0.88–2.33	0.148
primary or less	4.17	2.94–5.92	< 0.001	1.11	0.84–1.47	0.474
Height	0.96	0.94–0.97	< 0.001	0.99	0.98–1.00	0.580
Current smoker	0.65	0.38–1.12	0.119	1.13	0.98–1.01	0.674
Cohort			< 0.001
Stork Rikshospitalet	1
FFF	0.94	0.69–1.26	0.668
STORK G	2.64	2.09–3.34	< 0.001
TRIP	0.41	0.29–0.59	< 0.001
Diabetes in family *	1.85	1.44–2.38	< 0.001

Binary logistic regression was performed, ₂₀₁₃WHO-criteria. ^aAdjusted for age, pre-pregnancy BMI, ethnicity, parity, education, height, smoking and cohort (not shown).^єAdjusted for age, pre-pregnancy BMI, ethnicity and cohort (not shown)

Abbrevations: aOR adjusted odds ratio, CI confidens interval, BMI body mass index

* Not measured in Fit for Delivery