Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of T2DM and control women participating to the study
| T2DM women | Control women | P | |
|---|---|---|---|
| n | 132 | 55 | |
| Age (years) | 59.04 ± 12.61 | 57.0 ± 7.45 | 0.265 |
| BMI (Kg/m2) | 31.74 ± 5.94 | 28.38 ± 4.52 | < 0.001 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 100.03 ± 11.61 | 90.73 ± 14.87 | 0.0006 |
| Smokers n (%) | 17 (12.9) | 6 (10.9) | 0.29 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 134.39 ± 17.35 | 125.46 ± 12.75 | 0.0008 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 78.52 ± 9.09 | 73.15 ± 9.38 | 0.0003 |
| Diabetes duration (years) | 7.77 ± 8.97 | – | |
| HbA1c (%) | 7.44 ± 1.44 | – | |
| Fasting plasma glucose (mg/dl) | 161.99 ± 50.03 | 96.75 ± 5.98 | < 0.001 |
| Insulin (mU/L) | 16.38 ± 10.80 | 13.82 ± 10.11 | 0.68 |
| HOMA-IR | 6.86 ± 5.72 | 3.32 ± 2.46 | 0.0007 |
| Creatinine (mg/dl) | 0.89 ± 0.20 | 0.85 ± 0.10 | 0.114 |
| eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2) | 68.27 ± 14.71 | 70.66 ± 10.32 | 0.273 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dl) | 186.74 ± 29.64 | 201.00 ± 28.26 | 0.0016 |
| HDL-cholesterol (mg/dl) | 48.19 ± 13.69 | 53.76 ± 12.43 | 0.010 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dl) | 121.99 ± 59.92 | 99.78 ± 52.86 | 0.0341 |
| LDL-cholesterol (mg/dl) | 113.41 ± 26.50 | 127.29 ± 28.28 | 0.0032 |
| LDL-C/HDL-C | 2.70 ± 2.26 | 2.50 ± 0.84 | 0.522 |
| Hypertension n (%) | 87 (65.9) | 18 (32.7) | < 0.001 |
| CHD n (%) | 36 (27.3) | 0 | – |
| Stroke/TIA | 0 | – | – |
| Carotid atherosclerosis (%) | 34 (25.7) | – | – |
| Lower limb atherosclerosis (%) | 24 (18.2) | – | – |
| Diabetic nephropathy n (%) | 35 (26.5) | – | – |
| Diabetic retinopathy n (%) | 30 (22.7) | – | – |
| Diabetic neuropathy n (%) | 9 (6.8) | – | – |
| Insulin treatment n (%) | 11 (8.3) | – | – |
| Oral Hypoglycaemic drugs n (%) | 109 (82.6) | – | – |
Data are n, %, means ± DS
eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate
HOMA-IR: homeostatic model assessment
Diabetic nephropathy:EGFR < 60 ml/min and/or albuminuria