Table 2.

Group averages for gait speed, intersegmental trajectory area, and Sobolev norm values

Group	Outcome	Preforce	10 N force	Postforce	Preforce	15 N force	Postforce	Cane
	Gait speed (m/s)	0.27 ± 0.12	0.31 ± 0.13	0.31 ± 0.14*	0.24 ± 0.08	0.29 ± 0.09	0.30 ± 0.10*	0.31 ± 0.15
LF	Area (deg2)	6.2 ± 3.0/1.6 ± 1.1	7.6 ± 4.0/1.9 ± 0.9	7.7 ± 4.2/1.9 ± 0.9	5.9 ± 2.4/1.6 ± 0.7	6.9 ± 2.6/1.9 ± 1.1	7.3 ± 2.8/2.2 ± 1.0	6.4 ± 3.5/1.9 ± 0.8
	Sobolev norm	26.6 ± 6.9/14.4 ± 4.5	28.6 ± 7.7/15.8 ± 3.1	28.6 ± 9.5/16.1 ± 3.0	26.2 ± 6.9/13.4 ± 3.2	27.6 ± 6.1/15.3 ± 3.8*	28.3 ± 7.3/17.0 ± 4.3*	29.1 ± 9.5*/15.9 ± 3.5*
	Gait speed (m/s)	0.63 ± 0.32	0.74 ± 0.35*	0.68 ± 0.36	0.66 ± 0.36	0.77 ± 0.38	0.73 ± 0.39	0.68 ± 0.36
HF	Area (deg2)	12.8 ± 7.5/8.9 ± 6.9	14.2 ± 7.9/9.8 ± 7.3	13.3 ± 8.2/9.5 ± 7.0	13.1 ± 7.9/9.0 ± 7.4	15.0 ± 8.4*/9.5 ± 7.5	15.5 ± 8.8/10.2 ± 7.7	13.4 ± 8.7/9.7 ± 7.4
	Sobolev norm	38.0 ± 12.9/31.5 ± 14.4	41.5 ± 14.2/33.7 ± 14.7	40.6 ± 18.2/33.1 ± 14.6	37.9 ± 15.2/31.3 ± 15.6	41.7 ± 15.6*/33.6 ± 15.3	41.1 ± 15.6/34.2 ± 14.7	38.5 ± 15.5/32.4 ± 15.3
	Gait speed (m/s)	1.00 ± 0.34	1.13 ± 0.30*	1.14 ± 0.30	1.07 ± 0.33	1.19 ± 0.34*	1.15 ± 0.35	1.08 ± 0.37
CG	Area (deg2)	19.4 ± 5.9/19.3 ± 7.0	21.1 ± 5.8/21.6 ± 7.1*	22.6 ± 6.9/22.0 ± 8.0	20.4 ± 5.4/20.5 ± 7.2	21.0 ± 6.4*/22.6 ± 7.6	21.9 ± 5.3/22.6 ± 8.9	20.9 ± 7.3/21.7 ± 7.7
	Sobolev norm	47.5 ± 8.4/47.3 ± 9.7	51.3 ± 7.2*/50.9 ± 8.6*	51.6 ± 7.0/50.7 ± 8.0*	48.5 ± 6.8/48.9 ± 8.8	50.8 ± 6.3*/51.6 ± 8.1*	51.8 ± 7.5/51.3 ± 8.6	49.8 ± 8.9/49.1 ± 9.1

a: Average and standard deviation values for gait speed, lower limb intersegmental surface area, and Sobolev norm values for nonparetic/paretic (LF and HF) and dominant/non-dominant (CG) sides for pre-force, force, post-force epochs in 10 and 15 N leash conditions as well as the cane condition. Statistical significance is denoted by * (p < 0.05) and is relative to pre-force values