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. 2021 Aug 24;13(17):4266. doi: 10.3390/cancers13174266

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© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Activation of mitochondria-dependent cellular apoptosis by piperlongumine (PL) in human thyroid cancer cells. (A) Three human thyroid cancer cells were incubated with PL, and the expression of caspases and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) was examined by western blotting. (B) Z-VAD-FMK was used to suppress PL-mediated caspase-dependent apoptosis, and the activation of caspase and PARP was assessed by western blots, and (C) the cellular apoptosis was determined with flow cytometry. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was used to be a negative control. GAPDH was used as a loading control. Three independent experiments were conducted. The data include western blotting, and the flow cytometry dot plot was shown with a representative experiment. * indicated comparing with the untreated group and # showed comparing with PL treated group. ** and ## indicates p < 0.01. *** and ### indicates p < 0.001.

Activation of mitochondria-dependent cellular apoptosis by piperlongumine (PL) in human thyroid cancer cells. (A) Three human thyroid cancer cells were incubated with PL, and the expression of caspases and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) was examined by western blotting. (B) Z-VAD-FMK was used to suppress PL-mediated caspase-dependent apoptosis, and the activation of caspase and PARP was assessed by western blots, and (C) the cellular apoptosis was determined with flow cytometry. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was used to be a negative control. GAPDH was used as a loading control. Three independent experiments were conducted. The data include western blotting, and the flow cytometry dot plot was shown with a representative experiment. * indicated comparing with the untreated group and # showed comparing with PL treated group. ** and ## indicates p < 0.01. *** and ### indicates p < 0.001.