Table 2.
Variable | Group | Univariable Analysis | Multivariable Analysis * | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
HR (95% CI) | p Value | HR (95% CI) | p Value | ||
(A) Standard clinicopathologic parameters | |||||
Ploidy and PTEN status | <0.0001 | 0.017 | |||
Diploid and PTEN-high | ref. | ref. | |||
Non-diploid or PTEN-low | 1.94 (1.15–3.30) | 1.11 (0.62–1.99) | |||
Non-diploid and PTEN-low | 4.63 (2.50–8.57) | 2.82 (1.34–5.94) | |||
Age at surgery | 10-year increment | 1.51 (1.00–2.26) | 0.048 | 0.98 (0.94–1.03) | 0.51 |
Preoperative PSA | log2(1 + ng/mL) increment | 2.39 (1.74–3.28) | <0.0001 | 2.44 (1.52–3.91) | <0.0001 |
Gleason grade group | <0.0001 | 0.017 | |||
1 (GS 6) | ref. | ref. | |||
2 (GS 3 + 4) | 8.27 (2.52–27.17) | 3.97 (1.17–13.48) | |||
3 (GS 4 + 3) | 10.25 (3.02–34.79) | 3.86 (1.07–13.88) | |||
4 (GS 8) | 22.91 (6.38–82.24) | 6.51 (1.65–25.72) | |||
5 (GS 9–10) | 57.17 (15.64–208.92) | 10.08 (2.43–41.79) | |||
Extracapsular extension | Present vs. Absent | 3.97 (2.45–6.44) | <0.0001 | 1.52 (0.84–2.75) | 0.17 |
Surgical margins | Positive vs. Negative | 2.90 (1.80–4.67) | <0.0001 | 2.09 (1.21–3.59) | 0.008 |
Seminal vesicle invasion | Present vs. Absent | 5.39 (3.22–9.02) | <0.0001 | 1.64 (0.88–3.06) | 0.12 |
Lymph node involvement | Present vs. Absent | 6.25 (2.67–14.60) | <0.0001 | 2.33 (0.89–6.14) | 0.09 |
(B) CAPRA-S risk groups | |||||
Ploidy and PTEN status | <0.0001 | 0.011 | |||
Diploid and PTEN-high | ref. | ref. | |||
Non-diploid or PTEN-low | 1.94 (1.15–3.30) | 1.19 (0.68–2.07) | |||
Non-diploid and PTEN-low | 4.63 (2.50–8.57) | 2.69 (1.39–5.21) | |||
CAPRA-S risk group | |||||
Low (score 0–2) | ref | <0.0001 | ref. | <0.0001 | |
Intermediate (score 3–5) | 4.52 (1.85–11.01) | 4.63 (1.89–11.31) | |||
High (score ≥ 6) | 17.44 (7.36–41.35) | 14.68 (6.07–35.52) |
CAPRA-S = Cancer of the Prostate Risk Assessment Postsurgical; CI = confidence interval; GS = Gleason score; HR = hazard ratio; PSA = prostate-specific antigen; PTEN = phosphatase and tensin homolog. * Of the 259 patients included in univariable analyses (71 with event and 188 without event), 251 (69 with event and 182 without event) had complete data and were included in the multivariable analysis.