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. 2021 Aug 26;8:709741. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.709741

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Copyright © 2021 Xiao, Zha, Zhang, Wu, Chen, Yang, Yang and Liu.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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The distribution of GLP-1 in aortic valves with or without calcification. Human aortic valves with calcification (n = 11) that underwent valve replacement operation and without calcification (n = 12) undergoing heart transplantation were assessed by histological and immunochemical analysis. (A) Sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, Alizarin Red S, and Masson trichrome staining. IHC stains of GLP-1 and counterstained with hematoxylin. The results of the Non-CAVD valves (left line) are shown at 100 × magnification, and the results of CAVD (right line) are shown at 20 × magnification. (B) The concentration of GLP-1 detected by IHC was determined by assessing its staining with Image-Pro Plus 6.0. The results are shown as the integrated optical density (IOD)/area. The Non-CAVD (n = 12) and CAVD valves (n = 11) are representative of three independent experiments, and five different fields in each section were detected (the P-value was control valves compared with CAVD).