Fig 1. Stages of biofilm formation.
Free-floating planktonic cells adhere to a surface and begin microcolony formation with production of a hydrated extracellular matrix of proteins, polysaccharides, and nucleic acids. A mature biofilm may contain subpopulations of cells existing in various states where dispersion of the biofilm may occur due to physical disruption or cell signalling. Adapted from [29]. Created with BioRender.com.