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. 2021 Sep 9;17(9):e1009817. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009817

Fig 1. Stages of biofilm formation.

Fig 1

Free-floating planktonic cells adhere to a surface and begin microcolony formation with production of a hydrated extracellular matrix of proteins, polysaccharides, and nucleic acids. A mature biofilm may contain subpopulations of cells existing in various states where dispersion of the biofilm may occur due to physical disruption or cell signalling. Adapted from [29]. Created with BioRender.com.