Table 2.

Serum and salivary concentrations of neurosteroids in ASD and TD males

Neurosteroid		ASD Males		TD Males		Levene’s Test
		N	Median (IQR) S-W Test W, P	N	Median (IQR) S-W Test W, P	F	P
Allopregnanolone	Serum	16	74.45 (26.0–91.1) W = 0.84, P = 0.01*	17	99 (63.5–122.0) W = 0.97, P = 0.73	0.1773	0.6766
	Saliva	17	5 (5.0–52.0) W = 0.69, P < 0.001*	18	5 (5.0–29.1) W = 0.68, P < 0.001*	3.7547	0.06126
Cortisol	Serum	19	83900 (52300–92500) W = 0.77, P < 0.001*	18	89950 (65450–102000) W = 0.79, P = 0.001*	0.221	0.6412
	Saliva	20	2805 (1385.0–4705.0) W = 0.91, P = 0.05	19	1810 (1295.0–3200.0) W = 0.91, P = 0.08	2.9578	0.09382
DHEA	Serum	17	4030 (3230–5750) W = 0.83, P = 0.006*	17	4340 (3570–6000) W = 0.93, P = 0.25	0.3241	0.5732
	Saliva	18	23.0 (10.0–91.7) W = 0.82, P = 0.003*	18	94.10 (39.1–120.5) W = 0.91, P = 0.09	0.0964	0.7581
Progesterone	Serum	17	44.2 (22.9–62.1) W = 0.91, P = 0.12	16	58.3 (45.6–114.3) W = 0.84, P = 0.01*	1.6549	0.2078
	Saliva	11	114.00 (73.4–192.0) W = 0.90, P = 0.20	10	5.0 (5.0–5.0) W = 0.47, P < 0.001*	12.078	0.00253
Testosterone	Serum	17	3400 (1320.0–4640.0) W = 0.93, P = 0.22	17	3280 (1650.0–3790.0) W = 0.83, P = 0.005*	0.0105	0.9191
	Saliva	18	45.45 (22.2–72.0) W = 0.88, P = 0.03*	18	24.15 (16.1–36.7) W = 0.88, P = 0.02*	2.9385	0.09559

Note: Units for all neurosteroids are pg/mL. IQR is Inter-Quartile Range, 25%–75%. S-W Test is Shapiro-Wilk test (* signifies non-normal distribution based on Shapiro-Wilk test P < 0.05). Bolded Levene’s test results are P < 0.05.