Table 1. Summary of the major studies regarding CKD under conservative treatment and COVID-19.
| Author | N | Design | Age (years) | Comorbidities | Major findings |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Uribarri et al. | 758 | Cohort | 1.Mortality risk: | ||
| (Kaplan-Meier survival curve): | |||||
| -eGFR > 60mL/ min/1.73 m2 = 71.7% | |||||
| - eGFR 30-60 mL/ min/1.73 m2 = 27.2% | |||||
| HTN (48.9%) | - eGFR < 30mL/ min/1.73 m2 = 22.8% | ||||
| 66.0 | DLP (38.7%) | 2. Risk factors on admission associated with in-hospital death (multivariate regression): | |||
| ±18.0 | DM (21.9%) | - Age: (HR 1.034 [CI95%1.021-1.048]; p<0.001) | |||
| CKD (8.5%) | - SatO2 <92.0%: (HR 3.310 [2.362-4.369]; p<0.001) | ||||
| - eGFR 30-60: (HR 2.205 [1.473-3.091]; p<0.001) | |||||
| - eGFR < 30 (HR 4.925 [2.152-5.244]; p<0.001) | |||||
| Ji et al. | 219,961 | Retrospective | HTN (22.2%) | ||
| 47.05 | DM (14.2%) | 1. Severe COVID-19: (multivariate analysis) | |||
| ±18.0 | CAD (4.2%) | -CKD/ESKD: (OR 2.052-2.178) | |||
| CKD (1.0%) | |||||
| Fried et al. | 11,721 | Retrospective | 1. Severe COVID-19: | ||
| HTN (46.7%) | -Mechanical ventilation | ||||
| > 60 | DM (27.8 %) | (15.2% vs. 11.6%; p<0.001) | |||
| (67.3%) | CVD (22.6 %) | (OR 1.22 [CI95% 1.05-1.43]). | |||
| CKD (4.3%) | 2.Mortality: | ||||
| -CKD (OR 1.66 [CI95% 1.45-1.91]). | |||||
| Hernández-Galdamez et al. | 212,802 | Cross-sectional | 1. Severe COVID-19: | ||
| Hospitalization: | |||||
| HTN (20.12%) | i. CKD (OR 2.54). | ||||
| 45.7 | DM (16.44%) | ii. ICU admission: | |||
| ±16.3 | CVD (2.35%) | CKD (OR 1.12). | |||
| CKD (2.17%) | iii. Intubation: | ||||
| CKD (OR 1.30). | |||||
| 2. Mortality: | |||||
| - CKD (OR 2.31). | |||||
| Williamson et al. | 17,278,392 | Cohort | 18-39 (34.2%) | ||
| 40-49 (16.5%) | 1.Mortality: | ||||
| 50-59 (17.7%) | HTN (34.3%) | Kidney function: | |||
| 60-69 (13.8%) | CVD (6.8%) | i). eGFR 30-60 (HR 1.33 [1.28-1.40]). | |||
| 70-79 (11.2%) | ii) eGFR <30 (HR 2.52 [2.33-2.72]). | ||||
| >80 (6.5%) | |||||
| Grasselli et al. | 3,988 | Retrospective | - | HTN (41.2%) | 1.Mortality: |
| DM (12.9%) | - CKD (OR 2.78 [95%CI 2.19-3.53];p<0.001). | ||||
| CVD (13.4%) |
DM, diabetes mellitus; HTN, hypertension; CVD, cardiovascular disease; CAD, coronary artery disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CKD, chronic kidney disease; DLP, dyslipidemia; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; ESKD, end-stage kidney disease; ICU, intensive care unit.