Fig 5. Associations of change in grip strength from age 12 y to 25 y with cardiometabolic traits at 25 y among Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children Generation 1 individuals.

Estimates are beta coefficients and 95% CIs representing SD-unit differences in cardiometabolic traits at 25 y per SD-unit change in grip strength (based on standardised grip at 25 y minus standardised grip at 12 y). Models are adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, maternal education, grip strength at 12 y, and change in total fat mass index (except for relative grip models) (N range: 1,246 to 1,678). Maximum grip is based on maximum recorded grip strength of dominant hand (mean of 3 measures, in kilograms). Relative grip is based on maximum grip strength divided by weight. Apo, apolipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; IDL, intermediate-density lipoprotein; VLDL, very-low-density lipoprotein.