Table 1. Characteristics of 3,227 Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children Generation 1 offspring eligible for analyses.
| Characteristics | Overall (N = 3,227) | Males (N = 1,257) | Females (N = 1,970) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | Percent (N) or mean (SD) | N | Percent (N) or mean (SD) | N | Percent (N) or mean (SD) | |
| Non-white ethnicity | 3,227 | 3.9% (126) | 1,257 | 3.7% (47) | 1,970 | 4.0% (79) |
| Maternal education is degree | 3,227 | 21.0% (676) | 1,257 | 22.4% (282) | 1,970 | 20.0% (394) |
| Age (y) at peak height velocity | 2,924 | 12.4 (1.2) | 1,155 | 13.5 (0.9) | 1,769 | 11.8 (0.8) |
| Smoking at 25 y | 3,191 | 1,240 | 1,951 | |||
| Never | 36.1% (1,153) | 35.4% (439) | 36.6% (714) | |||
| Less than weekly | 58.3% (1,859) | 57.6% (714) | 58.7% (1,145) | |||
| Every week | 5.6% (179) | 7.0% (87) | 4.7% (92) | |||
| Alcohol consumption at 25 y | 3,123 | 1,209 | 1,914 | |||
| Never/monthly/less than monthly | 24.0% (748) | 17.6% (213) | 28.0% (535) | |||
| 2 to 4 times per month | 38.5% (1,202) | 36.6% (443) | 39.7% (759) | |||
| 2 or more times per week | 37.6% (1,173) | 45.7% (553) | 32.4% (620) | |||
| Total limb lean mass index (kg/m2) at 25 y | 3,119 | 7.2 (1.3) | 1,222 | 8.2 (1.1) | 1,897 | 6.5 (0.9) |
| Arm lean mass index (kg/m2) at 25 y | 3,119 | 1.7 (0.5) | 1,222 | 2.2 (0.4) | 1,897 | 1.5 (0.2) |
| Leg lean mass index (kg/m2) at 25 y | 3,119 | 5.4 (0.9) | 1,222 | 6.0 (0.8) | 1,897 | 5.1 (0.7) |
| Maximum grip strength (lb/in2) at 25 y | 1,964 | 14.1 (3.9) | 771 | 17.4 (3.7) | 1,193 | 12.1 (2.3) |
| Relative grip strength (lb/in2/kg) at 25 y | 1,951 | 0.2 (0.1) | 768 | 0.2 (0.1) | 1,183 | 0.2 (0.04) |
| Total fat mass index (kg/m2) at 25 y | 3,119 | 7.9 (3.7) | 1,222 | 6.3 (3.0) | 1,897 | 9.0 (3.8) |
| Changes from childhood to young adulthood, 10 to 25 y | ||||||
| Total limb lean mass index (kg/m2) | 2,808 | 1.8 (1.0) | 1,102 | 2.6 (0.9) | 1,706 | 1.3 (0.7) |
| Arm lean mass index (kg/m2) | 2,808 | 0.6 (0.4) | 1,102 | 0.9 (0.3) | 1,706 | 0.3 (0.2) |
| Leg lean mass index (kg/m2) | 2,808 | 1.2 (0.7) | 1,102 | 1.6 (0.7) | 1,706 | 1.0 (0.6) |
| Maximum grip strength (SD)* | 1,739 | −0.001 (1.1) | 681 | −0.004 (1.1) | 1,058 | 0.001 (1.1) |
| Relative grip strength (SD)* | 1,727 | −0.04 (1.0) | 678 | −0.01 (1.0) | 1,049 | −0.1 (1.0) |
| Total fat mass index (kg/m2) | 2,808 | 3.6 (3.0) | 1,102 | 2.6 (2.4) | 1,706 | 4.2 (3.1) |
| Changes in childhood, 10 to 13 y | ||||||
| Total limb lean mass index (kg/m2) | 2,565 | 1.0 (0.6) | 1,017 | 1.3 (0.6) | 1,548 | 0.7 (0.4) |
| Arm lean mass index (kg/m2) | 2,565 | 0.3 (0.2) | 1,017 | 0.4 (0.2) | 1,548 | 0.2 (0.1) |
| Leg lean mass index (kg/m2) | 2,565 | 0.7 (0.4) | 1,017 | 1.0 (0.4) | 1,548 | 0.5 (0.3) |
| Total fat mass index (kg/m2) | 2,565 | 0.9 (1.7) | 1,017 | 0.3 (1.6) | 1,548 | 1.3 (1.6) |
| Changes in adolescence, 13 to 18 y | ||||||
| Total limb lean mass index (kg/m2) | 2,404 | 0.3 (0.6) | 934 | 0.8 (0.7) | 1,470 | −0.02 (0.4) |
| Arm lean mass index (kg/m2) | 2,404 | 0.2 (0.2) | 934 | 0.4 (0.2) | 1,470 | 0.1 (0.1) |
| Leg lean mass index (kg/m2) | 2,404 | 0.1 (0.5) | 934 | 0.3 (0.5) | 1,470 | −0.1 (0.3) |
| Total fat mass index (kg/m2) | 2,404 | 1.1 (2.0) | 934 | 0.3 (1.9) | 1,470 | 1.6 (1.9) |
| Changes in young adulthood, 18 to 25 y | ||||||
| Total limb lean mass index (kg/m2) | 2,543 | 0.5 (0.7) | 983 | 0.4 (0.8) | 1,560 | 0.6 (0.7) |
| Arm lean mass index (kg/m2) | 2,543 | 0.1 (0.2) | 983 | 0.1 (0.3) | 1,560 | 0.03 (0.2) |
| Leg lean mass index (kg/m2) | 2,543 | 0.5 (0.6) | 983 | 0.3 (0.6) | 1,560 | 0.6 (0.6) |
| Total fat mass index (kg/m2) | 2,543 | 1.6 (2.4) | 983 | 2.2 (2.1) | 1,560 | 1.3 (2.5) |
Described are those with data on change in at least 1 lean, grip, or fat measure across any occasion and covariates used for those models, and at least 1 cardiometabolic trait at 25 y.
*Change is from age 12 y to 25 y and is based on difference in SD units, given different original measurement units between occasions.