Table 1.
Structural Characteristics of the CPT
| Authors (year) | Price framing | Number of prices | Prices specified ($USD/Cigarette unless specified) | Instructions/assumptions | Mode of administration |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||
| Chase, MacKillop, and Hogarth (2013) | Per cigarette with yoked pack price | 39 | ₤.02, ₤.04, ₤.06, ₤.08, ₤.10, ₤.12, ₤.14, ₤.16, ₤.18, ₤.20, ₤.22, ₤.24, ₤.26, ₤.28, ₤.30, ₤.32, ₤.34, ₤.36, ₤.38, ₤.40, ₤.42, ₤.44, ₤.46, ₤.48, ₤.50, ₤.52, ₤.56, ₤.58, ₤.60, ₤.70, ₤.80, ₤.90, ₤1, ₤1.50, ₤2, ₤2.50, ₤3, ₤4, and ₤5 | Imagine a TYPICAL DAY during which you smoke TYPICAL BRAND Same income/savings you have now No access to other cigarettes or nicotine products Cigarettes must be consumed ON THAT DAY; cannot save/stockpile for a later date Pay close attention to the prices and costs per pack because they change by different amounts |
Paper/pencil; in person |
| Dahne, Murphy, and MacPherson (2017) | Per cigarette with yoked pack price | 48 | .00 (Free), .05, .10, .15, .20, .25, .30, .35, .40, .45, .50, .55, 060, .65, .70, .75, .80, .85, .90, .95, 1, 1.05, 1.10, 1.15, 1.20, 1.25, 1.30, 1.35, 1.40, 1.45, 1.50, 1.55, 1.60, 1.65, 1.70, 1.75, 1.80, 1.85, 1.90, 1.95, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9 | Imagine a TYPICAL DAY during which you smoke FAVORITE BRAND Same income/savings you have now No access to other cigarettes or nicotine products Cigarettes must be consumed ON THAT DAY; cannot save/stockpile for a later date Be sure to consider each price increment carefully |
NR; in person |
| Farris, Aston, Abrantes, and Zvolensky (2017) | Per cigarette with yoked pack price | 22 | .00, .01, .05, .10, .20, .30, .40, .50, .60, .70, .80, .90, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 | Imagine you could smoke RIGHT NOW FAVORITE BRand Same income/savings you have now No access to other cigarettes or nicotine products Cigarettes must be consumed AT THIS TIME; cannot save/stockpile for a later date Be sure to consider each price increment carefully |
Computer; in person |
| Farris, Aston, Zvolensky, Abrantes, and Metrik (2017) | Per cigarette with yoked pack price | 22 | .00, .01, .05, .10, .20, .30, .40, .50, .60, .70, .80, .90, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 | Imagine you could smoke RIGHT NOW FAVORITE BRand Same income/savings you have now No access to other cigarettes or nicotine products Cigarettes must be consumed AT THIS TIME; cannot save/stockpile for a later date Be sure to consider each price increment carefully |
Computer; in person |
| Few, Acker, Murphy, and MacKillop (2012) | Per cigarette with yoked pack price | 73 | .00–.50 (increments of .01), .50 – 1 (increments of .04, with the exception of .98 – 1), 1 – 10 (increments of 1) | Imagine a TYPICAL DAY during which you smoke FAVORITE BRand Same income/savings you have now No access to other cigarettes or nicotine products Cigarettes must be consumed ON THAT DAY; cannot save/stockpile for a later date Be sure to consider each price increment carefully |
Paper/pencil; in person |
| González-Roz et al. (2018) | Per cigarette with yoked pack price | 19 | €.00, €.01, €.02, €.05, €.10, €.25, €.50, €1, €2, €3, €4, €5, €10, €20, €50, €100, €250, €500, and €1,000. | Imagine a TYPICAL DAY during which you smoke FAVORITE BRand Same income/savings you have now No access to other cigarettes or nicotine products Cigarettes must be consumed ON THAT DAY; cannot save/stockpile for a later date Please respond to these questions honestly |
NR |
| Grace, Kivell, and Laugesen (2015b) | Per cigarette with yoked pack price for factory-made cigarettes; yoked pouch (30 g or 50 g) for roll-your-own (RYO) cigarettes |
64 | Factory-made: NZ$.00 – 2.50 (increments of .05); 2.50 – 4.90 (increments of .20); 4.90 – 5 (increment of .10) RYO: NZ$.00 – 214 (30 g); NZ$0 – $357 (50 g) |
Imagine a TYPICAL DAY during which you smoke FAVORITE BRand Same income/savings you have now No access to other cigarettes or nicotine products Cigarettes must be consumed ON THAT DAY; cannot save/stockpile for a later date Be sure to consider each price increment carefully |
NR; in person |
| Grace, Kivell, and Laugesen (2015c) | Per cigarette with yoked pack price for factory-made cigarettes; yoked pouch (30 g or 50 g) for roll-your-own (RYO) cigarettes | 64 | Factory-made: NZ$.00 – 2.50 (increments of .05); 2.50 – 4.90 (increments of .20); 4.90 – 5 (increment of .10) RYO: NZ$.00 – 214 (30 g); NZ$0 – $357 (50 g) | NR; adapted from MacKillop et al. (2008) | Paper/pencil; in person |
| Grace, Kivell, and Laugesen (2015a) | Per cigarette (yoked pack price not explicitly reported) | 64 | Factory-made: NZ$.00 – 2.50 (increments of .05); 2.50 – 4.90 (increments of .20); 4.90 – 5 (increment of .10) RYO: NZ$.00 – 214 (30 g); NZ$0 – $357 (50 g) | NR; adapted from MacKillop et al. (2008); referred reader to Grace, Kivell, and Laugesen (2015b) for more information | Paper/pencil; in person |
| Gray et al. (2017) | Per cigarette with yoked pack price | 22 | .00, .01, .02, .03, .04, .05, .09, .10, .14, .15, .19, .20, .21, .22, .23, .24, .25, .26, .28, .29, .30, .34, .35, .40, .50, 1, 2, 2.50, 5, and 10; participants had a $10 cigarette “tab” | $10 cigarette “tab” PREFERRED BRand Each trial consisting of a 6-s “Consider” period and a ≥ 7-s “Choose” period Moved green box to desired number of cigarettes with right hand and submitted response with left hand |
MRI-compatible stimulus presentation system; choices made with MRI-compatible response box |
| Green and Ray (2018) | Per cigarette | 25 | .00, .05, .10, .15, .20, .25, .30, .35, .40, .45, .50, .60, .70, .80, .90, 1, 1.20, 1.40, 1.60, 1.80, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10. | Imagine a TYPICAL DAY during which you smoke FAVORITE BRand Same income/savings you have now No access to other cigarettes or nicotine products Cigarettes must be consumed ON THAT DAY; cannot save/stockpile for a later date |
NR; in person |
| Heckman et al. (2018) | 8 | Average market price (.30) × .00, .5, 1, 1.5, 2, 5, 10, and 20 | Imagine FOR THE NEXT 24 HOURS only ordinary factory-made cigarettes are available No access to other nicotine products Average price for an ordinary factorymade cigarette is [.50 (CA)/ .30 (US)/ ₤.40 (UK)/ .90 (AU)] |
Computer; online | |
| Higgins et al. (2017a) | NR | NR | NR | NR | Computer; in person |
| Higgins et al. (2017b) | Per cigarette with yoked pack price | 20 | .00, .02, .05, .10, .20, .30, .40, .50, .60, .70, .80, .90, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 20, and 40 | Same income/savings you have now No access to other cigarettes or nicotine products Can smoke without restrictions for the next 24 hours Cigarettes must be consumed AT THIS TIME; cannot save/stockpile for a later date |
Computer; in person |
| Higgins et al. (2017) | Per cigarette with yoked pack price | 19 | .00, .02, .05, .10, .20, .30, .40, .50, .60, .70, .80, .90, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, and 20 | Think about how you are feeling RIGHT NOW USUAL BRand Same income/savings you have now No access to other cigarettes or nicotine products Cigarettes must be consumed WITHIN 24 HOURS; cannot save/stockpile for a later date Can smoke without restrictions for the next 24 hours Be sure to consider each price increment carefully |
Computer; in person; paper/pencil when completed at participant’s home |
| Hindocha, Lawn, Freeman, and Curran (2017) | Per cigarette | 23 | ₤.00, ₤.01, ₤.02, ₤.05, ₤.10, ₤.15, ₤.20, ₤.30, ₤.40, ₤.50, ₤.75, ₤1, ₤1.50, ₤2, ₤2.50, ₤3, ₤3.50, ₤4, ₤5, ₤7.50, ₤10, ₤15, and ₤20 | How many cigarettes would you smoke if they were ______ each?” Hypothetical cigarettes were to be “consumed” within the next 3 hours |
NR; in person |
| Hitsman et al. (2008) | Per cigarette | 16 | ₤.00, ₤.01, ₤.05, ₤.13, ₤.25, ₤.50, ₤1, ₤3, ₤6, ₤11, ₤35, ₤70, ₤140, ₤280, ₤560, and ₤1,120 | Hypothetical cigarettes were to be “consumed” within the next 3 hours | NR; in person |
| Johnson, Johnson, Rass, and Pacek (2017) | Per puff | 9 | .01, .03, .10, .30, 1, 3, 10, 30, and 100 | Participants asked to imagine a TYPICAL DAY in which they could use only the specified commodity PREFERRED BRand Only form of nicotine/tobacco available for the next 24 hours Consider your financial circumstances Treat individual prices as separate 24 hour periods (puffs purchased must be “consumed” prior to purchasing puffs at a different price) Puffs may not be saved or given away All Puffs purchased must be consumed within a 24-hour period |
Computer; online (MTurk) |
| Koffarnus, Franck, Stein, and Bickel (2015) | Per cigarette | 9 | .00, .10, 1, 3, 10, 30, 100, 300, and 1,000 | How many cigarettes would you purchase and consume in A SINGLE DAY if the price per cigarette was . . . | Computer; online (MTurk) |
| Koffarnus, Wilson, and Bickel (2015) | 4 | .12, .25, .50, and 1 | Purchase enough cigarettes for THE NEXT WEEK based on your current smoking habits PREFERRED BRand Four experimenter-provided income conditions One purchasing scenario randomly selected as “real,” whereby participants actually received the cigarettes chosen |
Computer; in person | |
| Lawn et al. (2018) | Per cigarette | 22 | ₤.00, ₤.01, ₤.02, ₤.05, ₤.10, ₤.15, ₤.20, ₤.25, ₤.30, ₤.35, ₤.40, ₤.45, ₤.50, ₤.60, ₤.70, ₤.80, ₤.90, ₤1, ₤2, ₤3, ₤4, and ₤5 | Imagine you could smoke RIGHT NOW AND FOR THE NEXT 3 HOURS. FAVORITE BRAND. Same income/savings you have now No access to other cigarettes or nicotine products Cigarettes cannot be saved/stockpiled after 3 hours is up |
NR; in person |
| Liao et al. (2013) | Per cigarette | 19 | .00, 1, 5, 13, 25, 50, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 11, 35, 70, 140, 280, 560, and 1,120 | Imagine a TYPICAL DAY during which you smoke FAVORITE BRand Same income/savings you have now No access to other cigarettes or nicotine products Cigarettes must be consumed on THAT DAY; cannot save/stockpile for a later date |
Computer; online |
| MacKillop, Brown, et al. (2012) | Per cigarette | 22 | .00, .02, .05, .10, .20, .30, .40, .50, .60, .70, .80, .90, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 | $10 cigarette “tab” One response randomly selected randomly selected as “real,” whereby participants actually received the cigarettes chosen | Computer; in person |
| MacKillop, Few, et al. (2012) | Per cigarette with yoked pack price | 73 | .00 – .50 (increments of .01), .50 – 1 (increments of .10), 1.00 – 5.00 (increments of .01), 5.00 – 35.00 (increments of 5) | Imagine a TYPICAL DAY during which you smoke FAVORITE BRand Same income/savings you have now No access to other cigarettes or nicotine products Cigarettes must be consumed on THAT DAY; cannot save/stockpile for a later date Please respond to these questions honestly |
Paper/pencil; in person |
| MacKillop, Murphy, Martin, et al. (2016) | Per cigarette with yoked pack price | 41 | .00 – .50 (increments of .02), .50 – 1 (increments of .10), 1 – 5 (increments of 1), 5 – 35 (increments of 5) |
NR; adapted from MacKillop et al. (2008) | NR; in person |
| MacKillop, Murphy, Ray, et al. (2008) | Per cigarette | 19 | .00, .01, .05, .13, .25, .50, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 11, 35, 70, 140, 280, 560, and 1,120 | Imagine a TYPICAL DAY during which you smoke FAVORITE BRand Same income/savings you have now No access to other cigarettes or nicotine products Cigarettes must be consumed on THAT DAY; cannot save/stockpile for a later date Please respond to these questions honestly |
Computer; in person |
| MacKillop and Tidey (2011) | 19 | .00, .01, .05, .13, .25, .50, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 11, 35, 70, 140, 280, 560, and 1,120 | Imagine that you could smoke your FAVORITE cigarettes RIGHT NOW Assume you would smoke every cigarette you request; cannot stockpile for a later date or bring home with you |
NR; in person | |
| Madden and Kalman (2010) | Per cigarette | 26 | .00, .01, .05, .13, .15, .25, .35, .50, 1, 1.50, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 35, 70, 140, 280, 560, and 1,120. | Report the number of cigarettes [you] would smoke EACH DAY if a single cigarette cost . . . Report only the cigarettes [you yourself] would smoke price listed is the same as all cigarettes available from any source |
NR; in person |
| McClure, Vandrey, Johnson, and Stitzer (2013) | Per cigarette | 18 | .01, .05, .10, .3, .5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 11, 35, 70, 140, 280, 560, and 1,120 | NR | NR; in person |
| Murphy, MacKillop, Martin, et al. (2017) | Per cigarette | 41 | .00 – .50 (increments of .02), .50 – 1 (increments of .10), 1 – 5 (increments of 1), 5 – 35 (increments of 5) |
If you were smoking today according to your typical habits, how many cigarettes would you smoke at the following prices? FAVORITE BRand Assume that you have the same income/ savings that you have now No access to any cigarettes or nicotine products Cigarettes must be consumed on THAT DAY; cannot save/stockpile for a later date |
NR; in person |
| Murphy, MacKillop, Tidey, Brazil, and Colby (2011) | Per cigarette | 26 | .00, .01, .05, .13, .25, .35, .50, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 35, 70, 140, 280, 560, and 1,120 | Imagine a TYPICAL DAY during which you smoke FAVORITE BRand Same income/savings you have now No access to other cigarettes or nicotine products Cigarettes must be consumed on THAT DAY; cannot save/stockpile for a later date Please respond to these questions honestly |
NR; in person |
| O’Connor, Bansal-Travers, Carter, and Cummings (2012) | Per cigarette | 19 | 0 – 1,120 (no progression specified) | Imagine a TYPICAL DAY MENTHOL CIGARETTES Same income/savings you have now No access to other cigarettes or nicotine products Cigarettes must be consumed WITHIN A DAY; cannot save/stockpile for a later date Asked to respond honestly *Note: Participant instructions reported only for menthol cigarettes |
Computer; online (Global Market Insite) |
| O’Connor, Heckman, et al. (2016) | Per cigarette | 12 | .00, .01, .05, .13, .25, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 11 | USUAL BRand No access to other cigarettes Cigarettes must be consumed OVER 24 HOURS |
Computer; online (Global Market Insite/ Lightspeed) |
| O’Connor, June, et al. (2014) | 18 | .00, .01, .05, .13, .25, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 11, 35, 70, 140, 280, 560, and 1,120 | Imagine a TYPICAL DAY during which you smoke FAVORITE BRand Same income/savings you have now No access to other cigarettes or nicotine products Cigarettes must be consumed on THAT DAY; cannot save/stockpile for a later date Please respond to these questions honestly |
Computer; online (Global Market Insite) |
|
| Schlienz, Hawk, Tiffany, O’Connor, and Mahoney (2014) | Per cigarette | 19 | .00, .01, .05, .13, .25, .50, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 11, 35, 70, 140, 280, 560, and 1,120 | NR; adapted from MacKillop et al. (2008) | Stylus pen on a Personal Digital Assistant; natural environment |
| Secades-Villa, Pericot-Valverde, and Weidberg (2016) | Per cigarette | 19 | €.00, €.01, €.02, €.05, €.10, €.25, €.50, €1, €2, €3, €4, €5, €10, €20, €50, €100, €250, €500, and €1,000 | Imagine a TYPICAL DAY during which you smoke FAVORITE BRand Same income/savings you have now No access to other cigarettes or nicotine products Cigarettes must be consumed on THAT DAY; cannot save/stockpile for a later date Please respond to these questions honestly |
NR; in person |
| Secades-Villa, Weidberg, González-Roz, Reed, and Fernández-Hermida (2018) | Per cigarette | 19 | €.00, €.01, €.02, €.05, €.10, €.25, €.50, €1, €2, €3, €4, €5, €10, €20, €50, €100, €250, €500, and €1,000 | Imagine a TYPICAL DAY during which you smoke FAVORITE BRand Same income/savings you have now No access to other cigarettes or nicotine products Cigarettes must be consumed on THAT DAY; cannot save/stockpile for a later date Please respond to these questions honestly |
NR; in person |
| Smith et al. (2017) | Per cigarette with yoked pack price | 17 | .00, .02, .05, .10 – 1.00 (increments of .10), 1 – 5 (increments of 1) |
USUAL BRand Same income/savings you have now No access to other cigarettes or nicotine products Cigarettes must be consumed WITHIN 24 HOURS; cannot save/stockpile for a later date You can smoke without any restrictions for the next 24 hours |
NR; in person |
| Smith et al. (2017) | Per cigarette | 21 | .00, .01, .05, .10, .15, .20, .25, .30, .35, .40, .45, .50, .60, .70, .80, .90, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 | TYPICAL DAY No access to other cigarettes or nicotine products |
NR; in person |
| Snider, Cummings, and Bickel (2017) | Per cigarette | 5 | .00, .12, .25, .50, and 1 | Purchasing cigarettes for your own consumption No access to other cigarettes Cigarettes must be consumed WITHIN 24 HOURS cannot stockpile or give away |
Computer; online (MTurk) |
| Authors (year) | Price framing | Number of prices | Prices specified ($USD/Cigarette unless specified) | Instructions/assumptions | Mode of administration |
| Stein, Tegge, Turner, and Bickel (2018) | Per cigarette | 13 | .00, .03, .06, .12, .25, .50, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, and 64 | USUAL BRand No access to other cigarettes or tobacco products Cigarettes must be consumed WITHIN 24 HOURS; cannot give away |
Computer; online (MTurk) |
| Strickland, Lile, Rush, and Stoops (2016) | Per cigarette | 19 | 0 – 1,120 (no progression directly specified) |
Imagine a TYPICAL DAY during which you smoke No access to other cigarettes Cigarettes must be consumed in A SINGLE DAY |
Paper/pencil; in person |
| Strickland and Stoops (2017) | Per cigarette | 16 | .00, .01, .05, .13, .25, .50, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 11, 35, 70, and 140 | Imagine a TYPICAL DAY over the last month during which you smoke USUAL BRand No access to other cigarettes Cigarettes must be consumed in A SINGLE DAY |
Computer; online (MTurk) |
| Tucker, Kivell, Laugesen, and Grace (2017) | Per cigarette with yoked pack price for factory-made cigarettes; yoked pouch (30 g or 50 g) for roll-your-own (RYO) cigarettes | 64 | Factory-made: NZ$.00 – 2.50 (increments of .05), 2.50 – 4.90 (increments of .20), and 5 RYO: NZ$.00 – 214 (30 g); NZ$4 – $357 (50 g) |
Imagine a TYPICAL DAY during which you smoke FAVORITE BRand Same income/savings you have now No access to other cigarettes or nicotine products Cigarettes must be consumed on THAT DAY; cannot save/stockpile for a later date Please respond to these questions honestly |
Paper/pencil; in person |
| Tucker, Laugesen, and Grace (2018) | Per cigarette with yoked pack price for factory-made cigarettes; per pouch (30 g) for roll-your-own (RYO) cigarettes | 20 | Factory made: NZ$.00 2 (increments of .20), 2 – 5 (increments of 1), 5 20 (increments of 2.5), and 25 RYO: NR |
TYPICAL DAY Existing resources No access to other sources of tobacco No stockpiling |
NR; in person |
| Wall et al. (2018) | Per 10 puffs | 16 | .00, .01, .02, .04, .08, .16, .32, .64, 1.28, 2.56, 3.84, 5.12, 6.40, 7.68, 8.96, and 10.24 | NR; adapted from Jacobs & Bickel (1999) | Computer; in person |
| Weidberg, Vallejo-Seco, González-Roz, García-Pérez, and Secades-Villa (2018) | Per cigarette | 19 | €.00, €.01, €.02, €.05, €.10, €.25, €.50, €1, €2, €3, €4, €5, €10, €20, €50, €100, €250, €500, and €1,000 | Imagine a TYPICAL DAY during which you smoke FAVORITE BRand Same income/savings you have now No access to other cigarettes or nicotine products Cigarettes must be consumed ON THAT DAY; cannot save/stockpile for a later date Please respond to these questions honestly |
NR; in person |
| Wilson, Franck, Koffarnus, and Bickel (2016) | Per cigarette | 15 | .01, .05, .13, .2, .5, 1, 3, 6, 11, 35, 70, 140, 280, 560, and 1,120 | If individual cigarettes cost ____: How many would you buy for one day? After entering a response, the program would read: “You would buy [quantity] cigarettes for one day if they cost [$] each?” Participant would then click “Yes” or “Change Answer” to continue. |
Computer; in person |
| Zhao et al. (2016) | NR | 19 | .00, .01, .05, .13, .25, .50, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 11, 35, 70, 140, 280, 560, and 1,120 | NR; adapted from Jacobs & Bickel (1999) | Computer; online |
Note. CPT = cigarette purchase task.