FIGURE 5.

Silica and LPS exert similar effects on glucose uptake and glycolysis in macrophages. RAW 264.7 macrophages were treated with LPS (10 ng/ml) or silica (50 μg/cm²) or left untreated for 6 h. (A–C) Intracellular relative amount of hexose uptake and glycolytic metabolites glucose-6-phosphate and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate. (D–F) [¹³C]₆ uptake and intracellular pyruvate and lactate enrichment were determined by LC-HRMS. Atomic percent enrichment was calculated using the MIMOSA method. Data are the mean ± SEM of six samples, n = 6; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001, control versus LPS versus silica. (G) Table representing the conversion ratio of selected metabolites calculated dividing the total enrichment (sum of absolute number M+1 to M+6) of the product by the total enrichment of the reactant.