Table 1.
Predictors of coronavirus vaccine uptake intention in the two samples.
| Characteristics | Type 1 diabetes |
p | Type 2 diabetes |
p | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Likely to Get Vaccinated |
Likely to Get Vaccinated |
|||||
| Yes (n = 94) | Noa (n = 14) | Yes (n = 316) | No (n = 78) | |||
| Age (years) | 53.3 ± 19.3 | 48.9 ± 20.9 | 0.46 | 71.3 ± 11.7 | 68.7 ± 10.5 | 0.061 |
| Diabetes duration (years) | 27.1 ± 16.3 | 22.0 ± 17.4 | 0.35 | 18.6 ± 12.8 | 16.0 ± 8.6 | 0.11 |
| Gender (female) | 36 (38.3) | 4 (28.6) | 0.48 | 214 (67.7) | 48 (61.5) | 0.30 |
| Education status (n, %) | ||||||
| Less than middle school | 4 (4.3) | 2 (14.3) | 106 (33.5) | 26 (33.3) | 0.21 | |
| Middle school | 12 (12.8) | 4 (28.6) | 88 (27.8) | 14 (17.9) | ||
| High school diploma | 50 (53.2) | 6 (42.9) | 76 (24.1) | 26 (33.3) | ||
| University degree | 28 (29.8) | 2 (14.3) | 0.13 | 46 (14.6) | 12 (15.4) | |
| Flu vaccination (2020/21) | 72 (76.6) | 12 (85.7) | 0.44 | 212 (67.1) | 52 (66.7) | 0.94 |
| Pneumoniae vaccination (yes) | 34 (36.,2) | 6 (42.9) | 0.63 | 118 (37.3) | 28 (35.9) | 0.81 |
| Diagnosis COVID-19 (yes) | 4 (4.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0.43 | 16 (5.1) | 4 (5.1) | 0.98 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 24.3 ± 3.4 | 17.6 ± 1.3 | <0.01 | 27.2 ± 5.6 | 32.5 ± 4.3 | <0.01 |
| HbA1c (mmol/mol) | 54.5 ± 9.2 | 64.0 ± 16.7 | <0.01 | 60.0 ± 13.1 | 58.3 ± 14.1 | 0.50 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.19 ± 1.48 | 0.76 ± 0.03 | 0.03 | 1.35 ± 1.20 | 0.96 ± 0.30 | <0.01 |
| Obesity (n, %) | 8 (8.5) | 0 (0.0) | 0.26 | 64 (20.3) | 48 (61.5) | <0.01 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 165 ± 30 | 211 ± 12 | <0.01 | 163 ± 41 | 161 ± 44 | 0.74 |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 62 ± 18 | 57 ± 16 | 0.48 | 50 ± 13 | 46 ± 17 | 0.09 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 86 ± 33 | 151 ± 54 | <0.01 | 135 ± 75 | 156 ± 79 | 0.07 |
| Medical history (n, %) | ||||||
| Hypertension | 38 (40.4) | 2 (14.3) | 0.059 | 192 (60.8) | 46 (60.5) | 0.97 |
| Coronary heart disease | 6 (6.4) | 0 (0.0) | 0.33 | 96 (30.4) | 22 (28.9) | 0.81 |
| Brain vascular disease | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | – | 30 (9.5) | 8 (10.5) | 0.78 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 14 (14.9) | 0 (0.0) | 0.12 | 112 (35.4) | 18 (23.7) | 0.049 |
| Peripheral artery disease | 8 (8.5) | 2 (14.3) | 0.49 | 106 (33.8) | 20 (26.3) | 0.21 |
| Malignancies | 6 (6.4) | 0 (0.0) | 28 (8.9) | 16 (20.5) | ||
| Without metastasis | 4 | 0 (0.0) | 10 (3.2) | 8 (10.5) | 0.044 | |
| With metastasis | 2 | 0 (0.0) | 0.33 | 18 (5.7) | 8 (10.5) | |
| Cirrhosis | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | – | 4 (1.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0.32 |
| Diabetic retinopathy | 26 (27.7) | 4 (28.6) | 0.94 | 70 (22.2) | 12 (15.8) | 0.22 |
| At least one DM complication | 22 (23.4) | 6 (42.9) | 0.12 | 194 (61.4) | 44 (57.9) | 0.57 |
| Therapy (n, %) | ||||||
| Statin | 50 (53.2) | 0 (0.0) | <0.01 | 236 (74.7) | 48 (61.5) | 0.02 |
| Antihypertensive | 44 (46.8) | 2 (14.3) | 0.022 | 230 (72.8) | 62 (79.5) | 0.23 |
| Antiplatelets/anticoagulants | 24 (25.5) | 4 (28.6) | 0.81 | 154 (48.7) | 32 (41.0) | 022 |
| Non-insulin glucose-lowering drugsa | 20 (21.3) | 2 (14.3) | 0.16 | 316 (100.0) | 78 (100.0) | 0.34 |
| Insulin | 94 (100.0) | 14 (100) | – | 128 (40.5) | 32 (41) | 0.93 |
Variables were expressed as mean ± standard deviations, median [interquartiles]; proportions (%).
Bold is used for statistically significant values.
a
Type 1 diabetes: Metformin 12 (11.1%), SGLT2i 10 (9.3%). Type 2 diabetes: Metformin 256 (65.0%), SGLT2i 88 (22.3%), GLP1RA 76 (19.3%), DPP4i 54 (13.7%), acarbose 12 (3.0%), pioglitazone 8 (2.0%), sulfonylureas 6 (1.5%).