FIGURE 5.

Inhibitory effects of APN on the LPS- or poly(I:C)-induced cytokine release by human LMs. Macrophages were incubated with LPS (10 ng ml⁻¹, left column) or poly (I:C) (10 µg ml⁻¹, right column) in the absence or presence of APN (3, 10 or 30 µg ml⁻¹) for 24 h. Data are expressed as a percentage with respect to LPS or poly (I:C)-induced production. Results are shown as the mean ± SEM of 5–16 different experiments. Asterisks indicate significant effects of APN with respect to LPS or poly (I:C) alone (*:p < 0.05; **: p < 0.01; ***: p < 0.001).