Table 3:
Multivariable predictive model for MALE
| Covariate | HR (95% CI) | P Value |
|---|---|---|
| PAD | 4.83 (3.94–5.92) | <.0001 |
| Prior Foot Ulcer | 2.16 (1.63–2.87) | <.0001 |
| Prior Amputation | 2.00 (1.53–2.64) | <.0001 |
| Insulin | 1.86 (1.52–2.27) | <.0001 |
| Male Sex | 1.64 (1.31–2.06) | <.0001 |
| CAD | 1.67 (1.38–2.03) | <.0001 |
| Current smoker (versus never) | 2.00 (1.54–2.61) | <.0001 |
| Former smoker (versus never) | 1.41 (1.15–1.72) | |
| Age, per 10-year increase* | 1.42 (1.20–1.69) | <.0001 |
| CBVD | 1.41 (1.14–1.73) | .0015 |
| Neuropathy | 1.26 (1.03–1.53) | 0.0248 |
| Baseline HbA1c | 1.24 (1.13–1.36) | <.0001 |
| Race Group | .0002 | |
| Race=Asian (vs. White) | 0.35 (0.21–0.61) | . |
| Race=Black (vs. White) | 0.79 (0.54–1.17) | . |
| Race=Other (vs. White) | 0.66 (0.45–0.95) | . |
Table includes variables meeting model entry criterion (alpha ≤ 0.05) using stepwise selection methods. Medications including aspirin, statin, and exenatide were included as candidate variables but did not meet model entry criteria (alpha ≤ 0.05). CAD: coronary artery disease; CBVD: cerebrovascular disease; HbA1c: glycated haemoglobin; PAD: peripheral artery disease.
*
When age ≤65 years.