. 2021 Sep 10;2(4):139–145. doi: 10.1016/j.radmp.2021.09.004

Table 1.

A few examples of immune cells and cytokines in COVID-19 patients & LDR-irradiated mice.

Measurements	COVID-19	Responses to LDR
T Cells (Cd3, CD4, CD8, NK)	Decreased	Increased
IL-6, TNF-α	Increased	Decreased
IFN-γ	Increased	Decreased
Types of increased microphages	M1	M2¹⁸^,²⁰
MnSOD level or activity	Decreased²⁸	Increased³⁴^,³⁵

Note： Information cited in this table predominantly from the review by Kumer et al.,¹⁸ otherwise was indicated in the table. M1 & M2 are two types of macrophages: M1 macrophages are recognized as classically activated macrophages and show enhanced ability to phagocyte pathogens while M2 macrophages are requested in infection-free healing circumstances and have pro-tumoral functions. The polarization of macrophages can be driven by different micro-environmental molecules and leads to the production by the macrophages of different cytokines and chemokines.²⁰