Table 3.
Multivariable Regressions to Examine Factors Associated with Caregiver Mastery and Caregiving Burden
| Variables | Caregiver Mastery |
Self-Esteem | Disrupted Schedule |
Financial Problems |
Lack Of Social Support |
Health Problems |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD) = 27.5 (4.7) | Mean (SD) = 4.4 (0.5) | Mean (SD) = 2.6 (0.9) | Mean (SD)= 2.0 (0.8) | Mean (SD)= 1.9 (0.7) | Mean (SD)= 2.0 (0.7) | |
|
| ||||||
| (Coef, 95% CI) |
(Coef, 95% CI) |
(Coef, 95% CI) |
(Coef, 95% CI) |
(Coef, 95% CI) |
(Coef, 95% CI) |
|
|
Main variables of interest
| ||||||
| Rural (ref: urban) | −1.27** | −0.09 | 0.25** | 0.33*** | 0.32*** | 0.15* |
| (−2.40 - −0.14) | (−0.22 - 0.04) | (0.04 - 0.45) | (0.12 - 0.54) | (0.14 - 0.50) | (−0.00 - 0.31) | |
| Education ≥ some college (ref: ≤ high school) | −0.21 | −0.06 | 0.16*** | −0.14** | 0.09* | 0.06 |
| (−0.86 - 0.44) | (−0.13 - 0.02) | (0.04 - 0.28) | (−0.25 - −0.02) | (−0.01 - 0.19) | (−0.03 - 0.15) | |
| Interaction of rurality and education | 1.44* | 0.18** | −0.06 | −0.25* | −0.32*** | −0.18 |
| (−0.10 - 2.97) | (0.01 - 0.36) | (−0.34 - 0.21) | (−0.53 - 0.02) | (−0.56 - −0.09) | (−0.39 - 0.03) | |
|
| ||||||
|
Caregiver characteristics
| ||||||
| Age | 0.06*** | −0.00* | −0.00 | −0.01*** | −0.01** | −0.00 |
| (0.03 - 0.10) | (−0.01 - 0.00) | (−0.01 - 0.00) | (−0.02 - −0.01) | (−0.01 - −0.00) | (−0.01 - 0.00) | |
| Female (ref: male) | −0.44 | −0.11*** | 0.18*** | −0.04 | 0.02 | 0.30*** |
| (−1.11 - 0.22) | (−0.18 - −0.03) | (0.06 - 0.29) | (−0.16 - 0.08) | (−0.08 - 0.12) | (0.21 - 0.40) | |
| Relationship (ref: spouse or cohabiting partner) | ||||||
| Son/Daughter | −0.08 | −0.04 | −0.03 | −0.01 | 0.17** | −0.05 |
| (−1.05 - 0.89) | (−0.15 - 0.06) | (−0.20 - 0.15) | (−0.18 - 0.16) | (0.02 - 0.32) | (−0.18 - 0.09) | |
| Other | 2.06*** | −0.11* | −0.31*** | −0.04 | 0.17** | −0.16** |
| (1.00 - 3.11) | (−0.23 - 0.00) | (−0.49 - −0.12) | (−0.22 - 0.15) | (0.01 - 0.34) | (−0.31 - −0.02) | |
| Comorbidity | −1.32*** | −0.06* | 0.07 | 0.19*** | 0.22*** | 0.30*** |
| (−1.91 - −0.73) | (−0.13 - 0.00) | (−0.04 - 0.17) | (0.08 - 0.29) | (0.13 - 0.31) | (0.22 - 0.38) | |
|
| ||||||
|
Patient characteristics
| ||||||
| Number of geriatric impairments | −0.55*** | −0.04*** | 0.19*** | 0.07*** | 0.06*** | 0.10*** |
| (−0.73 - −0.36) | (−0.06 - −0.02) | (0.15 - 0.22) | (0.04 - 0.11) | (0.03 - 0.08) | (0.08 - 0.13) | |
| Cancer type (ref: Gastrointestinal) | ||||||
| Lung | −0.94** | 0.04 | −0.01 | −0.05 | −0.01 | 0.11** |
| (−1.73 - −0.15) | (−0.05 - 0.13) | (−0.15 - 0.13) | (−0.19 - 0.09) | (−0.13 - 0.11) | (0.00 - 0.22) | |
| Other | −0.03 | −0.06 | −0.14** | −0.06 | 0.01 | −0.02 |
| (−0.71 - 0.65) | (−0.13 - 0.02) | (−0.26 - −0.02) | (−0.18 - 0.06) | (−0.10 - 0.11) | (−0.11 - 0.08) | |
| Assessment (ref=baseline) | ||||||
| 4-6 weeks | −0.17 | −0.08** | 0.03 | 0.08 | 0.06 | 0.06 |
| (−0.81 - 0.47) | (−0.15 - −0.01) | (−0.09 - 0.14) | (−0.03 - 0.20) | (−0.03 - 0.16) | (−0.02 - 0.15) | |
| 3 months | −0.35 | −0.09** | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.13** | 0.07 |
| (−1.01 - 0.32) | (−0.17 - −0.02) | (−0.10 - 0.14) | (−0.09 - 0.14) | (0.03 - 0.23) | (−0.02 - 0.16) | |
| Intercept | 26.93*** | 5.06*** | 1.80*** | 2.67*** | 1.71*** | 1.12*** |
| (23.99 - 29.86) | (4.73 - 5.39) | (1.28 - 2.33) | (2.15 - 3.20) | (1.25 - 2.17) | (0.72 - 1.53) | |
| Observations | 1,051 | 1,066 | 1,065 | 1,064 | 1,062 | 1,067 |
| Unique Caregivers | 400 | 412 | 412 | 412 | 412 | 412 |
| Number of groups | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 |
Note: SD= standard deviation,CI=confidence interval;
Regressions were based on the linear mixed models adjusted for practice site as random effects, using restricted maximum likelihood, assuming an unstructured working correlation;
***
p<0.01,
**
p<0.05,
*
p<0.1.