TABLE 3.

Adjusted overall survival (N = 81,659)

Covariate	Hazard ratio (95% CI)	p	Overall p
Study group			< 0.001
M1	REF
CAM	0.444 (0.326–0.605)	< 0.001
Locoregional advanced	0.48 (0.463–0.498)	< 0.001
Age (yr)	1.011 (1.01–1.012)	< 0.001	< 0.001
Year of diagnosis	0.995 (0.991–0.998)	0.006	0.006
Gender			0.09
Female	REF
Male	1.076 (0.988–1.171)	0.09
Race/ethnicity			< 0.001
Non-Hispanic white	REF
Non-Hispanic black	1.131 (1.099–1.164)	< 0.001
Hispanic	0.812 (0.765–0.862)	< 0.001
Other	0.901 (0.848–0.958)	< 0.001
Insurance status			< 0.001
Private	REF
Government	1.19 (1.163–1.218)	< 0.001
Not insured	1.274 (1.21–1.342)	< 0.001
Income level			< 0.001
<$48,000	REF
≥$48,000	0.937 (0.912–0.962)	< 0.001
Education level			0.47
≤87% High school graduation rate	REF
>87% High school graduation rate	0.99 (0.965–1.017)	0.47
Facility type			< 0.001
Academic	REF
Community	1.149 (1.091–1.21)	< 0.001
Comprehensive	1.124 (1.081–1.169)	< 0.001
Integrated network	1.087 (1.025–1.154)	0.006
Facility location			0.006
South	REF
Midwest	1.042 (1.001–1.084)	0.05
Northeast	0.96 (0.913–1.01)	0.11
West	0.975 (0.93–1.022)	0.29
Distance traveled to treating institution	1 (1–1)	0.002	0.002
Charlson/Deyo Comorbidity score			< 0.001
0	REF
1	1.259 (1.222–1.298)	< 0.001
≥2	1.629 (1.555–1.706)	< 0.001
Histology			< 0.001
Ductal	REF
Lobular	1.022 (0.996–1.048)	0.10
Other	1.164 (1.132–1.196)	< 0.001
Clinical T-stage			< 0.001
cT4	REF
cT3	0.904 (0.877–0.932)	< 0.001
cT2	0.807 (0.786–0.829)	< 0.001
cT1	0.75 (0.726–0.776)	< 0.001
cT0/IS	0.679 (0.63–0.733)	< 0.001
cTX	0.873 (0.846–0.9)	< 0.001
Surgery			<0.001
Mastectomy	REF
Lumpectomy	1.017 (0.978–1.057)	0.40
No surgery	1.625 (1.581–1.67)	<0.001
Other	0.945 (0.8–1.116)	0.50
Receipt of chemotherapy	0.65 (0.632–0.668)	<0.001	<0.001
Receipt of endocrine therapy	0.463 (0.451–0.475)	<0.001	<0.001