Table 1.
Demographic and treatment characteristics of childhood cancer survivors and siblings who did and did not develop late onset kidney failure
| Characteristic | Late kidney failure | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Survivors | Siblings | |||
| No kidney failure n=25324 | Kidney failure n=206 | No kidney failure n=5035 | Kidney failure n=10 | |
| Demographic | ||||
| Female sex | 11784 (46) | 95 (46) | 2639 (52) | 3 (30) |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||
| Non-Hispanic white | 20560 (80) | 167 (81) | 4361 (87) | 8 (80) |
| Non-Hispanic black | 1599 (6) | 19 (10) | 148 (3) | 1 (10) |
| Hispanic/Latino | 2011 (9) | 12 (5) | 215 (4) | 0 (0) |
| Other | 1154 (5) | 8 (4) | 311 (6) | 1 (10) |
| Age at diagnosis (y) | ||||
| 0–3 | 8222 (35) | 74 (35) | ||
| 4–9 | 7557 (32) | 58 (31) | ||
| 5–14 | 5367 (19) | 33 (15) | ||
| ≥15 | 4178 (14) | 41 (19) | ||
| Decade of diagnosis | ||||
| 1970–79 | 6536 (22) | 64 (29) | ||
| 1980–89 | 9903 (37) | 87 (42) | ||
| 1990–99 | 8885 (41) | 55 (29) | ||
| Primary cancer diagnosis | ||||
| Acute lymphoblastic leukemia | 6542 (36) | 42 (27) | ||
| Acute myeloid leukemia | 911 (3) | 8 (4) | ||
| Other leukemia | 323 (1) | 6 (3) | ||
| Central nervous system tumor | 4465 (15) | 17 (8) | ||
| Hodgkin lymphoma | 3087 (11) | 17 (8) | ||
| Non-Hodgkin lymphoma | 2065 (7) | 18 (8) | ||
| Wilms tumor | 2204 (8) | 46 (21) | ||
| Neuroblastoma | 1922 (7) | 19 (8) | ||
| Soft tissue sarcoma | 1744 (6) | 10 (4) | ||
| Ewing sarcoma | 2061 (7) | 23 (10) | ||
| Osteosarcoma | 727 (2) | 7 (3) | ||
| Other bone cancer | 1233 (4) | 15 (7) | ||
| Treatment exposures | 101 (0) | 1 (0) | ||
| Anthracycline dose (mg/m2) | ||||
| None | 11984 (49) | 70 (39) | ||
| 0.1–249 | 6676 (36) | 57 (39) | ||
| ≥250 | 3686 (15) | 41 (22) | ||
| Cisplatin equivalent dose (mg/m2) | ||||
| None | 20487 (91) | 153 (86) | ||
| 0.1–499 | 1378 (5) | 13 (7) | ||
| ≥500 | 1060 (4) | 14 (7) | ||
| Ifosfamide dose (g/m2) | ||||
| None | 21936 (95) | 165 (91) | ||
| 0.1–59 | 856 (3) | 13 (6) | ||
| ≥60 | 294 (1) | 5 (3) | ||
| Methotrexate dose (IV, mg/m2) | ||||
| None | 17818 (73) | 145 (82) | ||
| 0.1–3999 | 2325 (11) | 14 (9) | ||
| ≥4000 | 2567 (16) | 13 (9) | ||
| Kidney dose from radiotherapy (Gy) | ||||
| None | 10295 (50) | 73 (42) | ||
| 0.1–9.9 | 10932 (44) | 70 (39) | ||
| 10–14.9 | 914 (4) | 17 (10) | ||
| ≥15 | 367 (1) | 18 (9) | ||
| Unilateral nephrectomy | 1956 (7) | 43 (21) | ||
| Medical comorbidities * | ||||
| Known genitourinary condition | 542 (2) | 9 (5) | 10 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Diabetes | 1021 (4) | 21 (10) | 109 (2) | 1 (10) |
| Hypertension | 2792 (10) | 77 (36) | 461 (9) | 3 (30) |
| Subsequent malignant neoplasm (SMN) * | ||||
| None | 24013 (95) | 192 (93) | ||
| Non-renal SMN | 1267 (5) | 10 (5) | ||
| Renal SMN | 44 (0) | 4 (2) | ||
Percentages are column percentages
*
reported to have occurred prior to the primary endpoint
Analyses, including reported percentages and means/medians, were weighted to account for undersampling of acute lymphoblastic leukemia survivors (1987–1999), with a weight of 1.21 for age 0 or 11–20 years at diagnosis, and a weight of 3.63 for those aged 1–10 years