Table 2.
HR, adjusted for covariates from the multiple PH analysis, of TEDDY published risk factors for type 1 diabetes
| Type 1 diabetes before 6 years of age | Type 1 diabetes ≥6 years of age | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| Factor | Comparison | HR (95% CI) | p value | HR (95% CI) | p value | p valuea |
|
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| Sex | Male vs female | 1.06 (0.77, 1.46) | 0.715 | 1.12 (0.80, 1.57) | 0.507 | 0.819 |
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| Family history of type 1 | FDR mother vs GP | 1.51 (0.75, 3.05) | 0.249 | 2.64 (1.36, 5.12) | 0.004 | 0.256 |
| Diabetes | FDR father vs GP | 3.24 (1.99, 5.26) | <0.001 | 2.41 (1.31, 4.41) | 0.005 | 0.452 |
| FDR sibling vs GP | 4.55 (2.40, 8.62) | <0.001 | 5.13 (2.69, 9.80) | <0.001 | 0.795 | |
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| HLA genotype | DR4/4 vs DR3/3 | 1.26 (0.65, 2.44) | 0.496 | 4.16 (1.99, 8.69) | <0.001 | 0.018 |
| DR3/4 vs DR3/3 | 2.79 (1.63, 4.77) | <0.001 | 4.40 (2.19, 8.82) | <0.001 | 0.311 | |
| DR4/8 vs DR3/3 | 1.50 (0.77, 2.93) | 0.237 | 3.36 (1.52, 7.45) | 0.003 | 0.127 | |
| FDR-specificb vs DR3/3 | 1.60 (0.69, 3.70) | 0.269 | 1.29 (0.38, 4.44) | 0.683 | 0.777 | |
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| Country | Finland vs USA | 3.20 (1.88, 5.45) | <0.001 | 1.26 (0.73, 2.18) | 0.416 | 0.005 |
| Germany vs USA | 2.19 (1.27, 3.78) | 0.005 | 0.56 (0.25, 1.27) | 0.167 | 0.007 | |
| Sweden vs USA | 1.20 (0.76, 1.89) | 0.436 | 0.72 (0.47, 1.09) | 0.123 | 0.098 | |
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| Probiotics introduction age | <28 days vs ≥28 days | 0.86 (0.49, 1.51) | 0.606 | 0.94 (0.46, 1.94) | 0.871 | 0.852 |
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| Weight at 12 months | z-score | 1.10 (0.94, 1.30) | 0.223 | 1.21 (1.03, 1.44) | 0.024 | 0.426 |
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| Child conditions before first clinical visit (age 3 months) | Upper resp. (Yes vs No) | 1.43 (1.00, 2.04) | 0.053 | 1.00 (0.67, 1.50) | 0.999 | 0.198 |
| Rash (Yes vs No) | 0.66 (0.42, 1.04) | 0.076 | 0.93 (0.62, 1.41) | 0.747 | 0.275 | |
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| rs1004446_A (INS) | Yes vs No | 0.67 (0.48, 0.92) | 0.014 | 0.67 (0.48, 0.95) | 0.022 | 0.964 |
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| rs2476601_A (PTPN22) | Yes vs No | 2.04 (1.46, 2.84) | <0.001 | 1.72 (1.20, 2.47) | 0.003 | 0.503 |
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| rs10517086_A | Yes vs No | 1.48 (1.07, 2.05) | 0.019 | 1.04 (0.75, 1.45) | 0.808 | 0.141 |
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| rs2292239_T (ERBB3) | Yes vs No | 1.67 (1.19, 2.34) | 0.003 | 1.06 (0.76, 1.48) | 0.740 | 0.063 |
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| rs3184504_T(SH2B3) | Yes vs No | 1.23 (0.85, 1.77) | 0.275 | 1.07 (0.74, 1.55) | 0.731 | 0.599 |
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| rs12708716_G (CLEC16A) | Yes vs No | 0.82 (0.60, 1.13) | 0.222 | 0.64 (0.46, 0.89) | 0.009 | 0.287 |
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| rs3825932_T (CTSH) | Yes vs No | 0.76 (0.55, 1.04) | 0.087 | 0.66 (0.47, 0.93) | 0.017 | 0.581 |
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| rs7111341_T (INS) | Yes vs No | 0.68 (0.48, 0.96) | 0.026 | 0.77 (0.54, 1.09) | 0.142 | 0.616 |
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| rs11711054_G (CCR5) | Yes vs No | 1.46 (1.06, 2.02) | 0.021 | 1.15 (0.83, 1.61) | 0.404 | 0.315 |
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| rs428595_A (PPIL2) | Yes vs No | 2.13 (1.20, 3.80) | 0.010 | 2.10 (1.13, 3.92) | 0.019 | 0.972 |
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| rs113306148_T (PLEKHA1) | Yes vs No | 2.34 (1.25, 4.38) | 0.008 | 2.21 (1.07, 4.57) | 0.032 | 0.908 |
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| rs73043122_C (RNASET2) | Yes vs No | 2.31 (1.12, 4.76) | 0.023 | 2.54 (1.27, 5.06) | 0.008 | 0.856 |
7433 individuals with 296 type 1 diabetes events (155 in the first 6 years and 141 after 6 years of age) were included in the analysis because values of SNPs and/or weight at 12 months of age were missing. For each SNP, the minor allele is indicated and children with this allele (yes) were compared with children without it (no)
a
p value for comparing the HR in the first 6 years vs the HR after 6 years of age
b
FDR-specific HLA-DR-DQ genotypes are DR4/4b, DR4/1, DR4/13, DR4/9, and DR3/9
Upper resp., upper respiratory tract infection