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Patient demographics
| Nondiabetic (ND) (n = 48) | Diabetic w/o retinopathy (DB) (n = 42) | Diabetic w/retinopathy (DB+DR) (n = 30) | p-value* | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Female | 30 (63%) | 25 (60%) | 9 (30%) | 0.01 |
| Age (years), mean ± SD | 68 ± 6 | 68 ± 7 | 64 ± 8 | 0.02 |
| HbA1C, mean ± SD | 5.5 ± 0.3 | 7.6 ± 1.7 | 8.1 ± 1.7 | <0.01 |
SD = standard deviation.
p-values were calculated with either a chi-squared test or an analysis of variance, as appropriate.
