Table 1.
Characteristics and outcome parameters of all women with retained placenta
| Variables | All n = 296 |
|---|---|
| Outcome parameters | |
| Δ-Hemoglobin (g/l)a | 39 (26–54%) |
| MBL (ml) | 1300 (900–1900) |
| PPH (≥ 500 ml) | 286 (96.6%) |
| Blood transfusion | 13 (4.5%) |
| Risk factors for increased blood loss | |
| Uterine atony | 81 (27.4%) |
| Uterine myomas | 10 (3.4%) |
| BL due to maternal obstetric injuriesb | 16 (5.4%) |
| Second stage labor (min) | 66 (21–124.5) |
| Second stage labor > 2 h | 77 (26.0%) |
| Third stage of labor (min) | 66 (55–77) |
| Operative vaginal delivery | 46 (15.5%) |
| Previous cesarean section | 16 (5.4%) |
| Morbidly adherent placenta | 42 (14.2%) |
| Feto-maternal characteristics | |
| Fetal weight (g) | 3230 (2805–3595) |
| Fetal head circumference (cm) | 34.5 (33–35.5) |
| GA (d) | 276.5 (262–284) |
| Maternal body mass index first trimester (kg/m2) | 21.5 (19.85–24.6) |
| Maternal age (y) | 33.8 (30.5–36.6) |
| Multiple fetus pregnancy | 9 (3.0%) |
| Multiparity | 129 (43.6%) |
| Primiparity | 167 (56.4%) |
| Fetal weight ≥ 4000 g | 16 (5.41%) |
| Induction of labor | 85 (28.7%) |
| Hypertensive disordersc | 12 (4.1%) |
| Anesthetic characteristics | |
| General anesthesia | 52 (17.6%) |
| Regional anesthesia pp | 136 (46.0%) |
| Admission to ICU pp | 6 (2.0%) |
Data are median (interquartile range) or n (%)
MBL measured blood loss; PPH postpartum hemorrhage; GA gestational age; pp postpartum; EDA epidural anesthesia; ICU intensive care unit
aΔ-Hemoglobin (g/l): difference in hemoglobin levels antepartum minus postpartum
bMaternal obstetric injuries: cervical, vaginal or perineal tears
cHypertensive disorders include: prior existing hypertension, gestational-induced hypertension, preeclampsia and HELLP