Table 2.
Subgroup analysis on the duration of the third stage of labor (< 60 min; > 60 min)
| Variables | Third stage of labor < 60 min (n = 93) | Third stage of labor ≥ 60 min (n = 203) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Outcome parameters | |||
| Δ-Hemoglobina (g/l) | 38 (28–56) | 39 (25–54) | 0.676 |
| MBL (ml) | 1400 (900–2000) | 1300 (900–1800) | 0.301 |
| PPH (≥ 500 ml) | 92 (98.9%) | 194 (95.6%) | 0.124 |
| Blood transfusion | 9 (9.8%) | 4 (1.9%) | 0.006 |
| Risk factors for increased blood loss | |||
| Uterine atony | 37 (39.8%) | 44 (21.2%) | 0.001 |
| Uterine myomas | 5 (5.4%) | 5 (2.5%) | 0.172 |
| BL due to maternal obstetric injuriesb | 3 (3.2%) | 13 (6.4%) | 0.199 |
| Second stage labor (min) | 87 (27–155) | 47 (20–119) | 0.058 |
| Second stage labor > 2 h | 30 (32.3%) | 47(23.2%) | 0.097 |
| Third stage of labor (min) | 51 (45–55) | 73 (66–82) | < 0.001 |
| Operative vaginal delivery | 23 (24.7%) | 23 (11.3%) | 0.003 |
| Previous cesarean section | 7 (7.5%) | 9 (4.4%) | 0.275 |
| Morbidly adherent placenta | 15 (16.1%) | 27 (13.3%) | 0.517 |
| Feto-maternal characteristics | |||
| Fetal weight (g) | 3300 (2900–3680) | 3190 (2770–3560) | 0.091 |
| Fetal head circumference (cm) | 35 (33.5–36) | 34.5 (33–35.5) | 0.049 |
| GA (d) | 276 (267–285) | 277 (261–284) | 0.770 |
| Maternal body mass index first trimester (kg/m2) | 21.4 (20.3–24.1) | 21.5 (19.8–24.9) | 0.859 |
| Maternal age (y) | 33.54 (29.9–36.44) | 34.08 (30.52–36.66) | 0.561 |
| Multiple fetus pregnancy | 6 (6.5%) | 3 (1.5%) | 0.030 |
| Multiparity | 41 (44.1%) | 88 (43.4%) | 0.502 |
| Primiparity | 52 (55.9%) | 115 (56.7%) | 0.498 |
| Fetal weight ≥ 4000 g | 8 (8.6%) | 8 (3.9%) | 0.088 |
| Induction of labor | 26 (28.0%) | 59 (29.2%) | 0.480 |
| Hypertensive disordersc | 3 (3.2%) | 9 (4.4%) | 0.447 |
| Anesthetic characteristics | |||
| General anesthesia | 21 (22.6%) | 31 (15.3%) | 0.125 |
| Regional anesthesia pp | 17 (18.3%) | 119 (58.6%) | < 0.001 |
| Admission to ICU pp | 4 (4.3%) | 2 (1.0%) | 0.060 |
Data are median (interquartile range) or n (%)
MBL measured blood loss; PPH postpartum hemorrhage; GA gestational age; pp postpartum; EDA epidural anesthesia; ICU intensive care unit
aΔ-Hemoglobin (g/l): difference in hemoglobin levels antepartum minus postpartum
bMaternal obstetric injuries: cervical, vaginal or perineal tears
cHypertensive disorders include: prior existing hypertension, gestational-induced hypertension, preeclampsia and HELLP