Table 3.
ASD Symptoms, comorbid disorders and (off-label) pharmacotherapy
| Symptoms | Available drugs |
|---|---|
| Behavioral problems, restlessness, temper tantrums, self-injuring behavior | Antipsychotics, (anticonvulsants) |
| Social problems | Oxytocin, D‑cycloserin, memantine (experimental) |
| Sleeping problems | Melatonin, antipsychotics, antihistaminics |
| ADHD | Atomoxetin, methylphenidate, amphetamines, (guanfacine ER) |
| Tics | Antipsychotics, ( sympathomimetics, SSRIs) |
| Depression | SSRIs, SNRIs, (+ antipsychotics) |
| Bipolar disorder | Antipsychotics, (lithium) |
| Anxiety & OCD | SSRIs (higher dosage needed), pregabaline |
| Seizures | Valproic acid, levetiracetam, lamotrigine (and others) |
| Psychosis | Antipsychotics |
| GI problems | Diet? probiotics? |