Table 2.

Summary of statistical significance of the two-way ANOVA for ‘treatment’ factor (i.e. ‘rifaximin’, ‘rifaximin + probiotics’, ‘non-treated’) for each metabolites whose concentrations significantly varied over time, both in absolute concentrations and relative to week 0 in hippocampus and cerebellum.

Two way ANOVA—significance for ‘treatment’ factor	Hippocampus		Cerebellum
	Absolute concentrations	Relative to week 0	Absolute concentrations	Relative to week 0
Gln	***	**	*	*
Ins	***	ns	***	ns
tCho	*	ns	ns	ns
Tau	ns	ns	ns	ns
Cr	ns	ns	**	*
tCr	*	ns	ns	ns
Lac	ns	ns	***	ns
Glu	***	ns	*	**
Asc	***	ns	ns	ns

Metabolites which significantly differ between the groups both in absolute and relative values are highlighted in red. Of note, the interaction was not significant for any of the metabolites. The relative increase reported are relative to week 0. Statistical significance: *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001.