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. 2021 Sep 9;11:17946. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-97073-1

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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β-galactosidase (β-Gal) activity at pH 5.0 in cryopreserved human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissue samples. (a) Schematic representation of the protocol for the selection of cryopreserved human HCC tissue samples. (b) Normalised β-Gal activity at pH 5.0 in tumour and non-tumour liver parenchyma tissues from 68 cryopreserved human HCC samples is shown. Open circle symbols indicate the mean of normalised β-Gal activities in tumour and non-tumour tissues. Normalised β-Gal activity in tumour tissue was significantly higher than that in non-tumour tissue (**p < 0.01). A two-tailed paired t-test was used. (c) Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of β-Gal activities showing the diagnostic value of measuring β-Gal activity. (AUC: 0.638, Sensitivity: 47.1%, Specificity: 77.9%). The yellow line is a 45° straight line tangent to the ROC curve.