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. 2021 Sep 9;11:17971. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-97474-2

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Effects of QTN on severity of ankle inflammation in rats (A-F). Representative images of paw from (A) normal rats, (B) AIA control rats with higher degree of inflammation, (C) Leflunomide (10 mg/kg) treated rats with reduced ankle inflammation, (D) QTN (5 mg/kg) treated rats with severe inflammation, (E) QTN (10 mg/kg) and (F) QTN (20 mg/kg) treated rats with reduced ankle inflammation. Effects of QTN on FCA-induced alterations in pro-inflammatory cytokines levels in synovial tissues (G). Values in parentheses indicate a dose in mg/kg (n = 6). Data was analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparisons test. For comparison with AIA-control group: *p < 0.05, comparison with normal group: ^#p < 0.05 and comparison with one another: ^$p < 0.05. AIA adjuvant-induced arthritis, LF leflunomide, QTN 3,5,7,3′,4′-pentahydroxy flavone, TNF-α tumor necrosis factor-alpha, ILs interleukins.