Table 3.
Summary of methods and findings from other study types.
| Reference |
Method
(A) Design (B) Cohort size (C) Cohort nationality (D) Assessment/follow-up times |
Neuropsychological assessment
(A) Cognitive tests or tested domains (B) Impairment criteria (C) Treatment of pre-existing impairment |
Imaging
(A) Modality (B) ICH markers (C) Other factors |
Other assessments |
Other factors
(A) Clinical/laboratory risk factors (B) Social risk factors (C) Medication |
Results
(A) Rate of impairment at follow-up (B) Factors for impairment (C) Other notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Espinosa del Pozo et al. (34) | (A) Cross-sectional Study (B) n = 9 (C) Ecuadorian (D) – |
(A) Mini-mental State Evaluation (MMSE), Ascertain Dementia Eight-Item Informant Questionnaire (AD8) (B) MMSE: Normal > 23; 19–23, mild cognitive impairment; 10–18, moderate impairment, <10 severe impairment; AD8: 0–1 normal, ≥2 impaired (C) Not assessed/available |
– | Mini Nutritional Assessment | – | (A) 6/9 ICH patients showed moderate impairment, 3/9 unimpaired in MMSE. 5/8 impaired, 3/8 unimpaired in AD8 (B) Intracerebral hemorrhage significantly associated with lower MMSE scores, not associated with AD8 results (C) 2 with good nutritional status, 4 at nutritional risk, 3 malnourished |
| Griauzde et al. (18) | (A) Cross-sectional study (B) n = 78 (C) French (D) 40 months |
(A) premorbid National Adult Reading Test, MMSE, Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Mattis Dementia rating scale (B) Dementia diagnosed using DSM-IV; NINDS-AIREN and National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke and the Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Association (NINCDS-ADRDA) criteria for dementia; CI defined as performance at or below 5th percentile for any domain (C) Included |
(A) CT and MRI (B) Hemorrhage location (deep/lobar/infratentorial), laterality, hemorrhage volume, Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), white matter abnormalities |
Goldberg Anxiety Scale, Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety, Montgomery–Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), Barthel Index (BI), Instrumental Activities of Daily Life (IADL), Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) | (A) Hypertension, alcoholism, history of hemorrhage, history of stroke/TIA, and dementia (B) – (C) – |
(A) Persistent neurological deficits observed in 51/78 patients at follow up (39 motor, 27 sensory, 33 gait, and 12 aphasic). Impairment found in 37/78 patients with full battery of results, dementia observed in 18/78 patients (B) Initial signs of headache, delirium, and vigilance deficits, hemorrhage volume, and laterality significantly associated with dementia (C) – |
| Miller et al. (35) | (A) Case series (B) n = 7 (C) Scottish (D) 30 months |
(A) Not described (B) – (C) Included |
(A) CT (B) White matter hyperintensity (WMH) assessment, lobar hemorrhage, intraventricular extension |
– | (A) Hypertension (B) – (C) – |
(A) 3/7 patients died within 2 weeks of onset. All patients surviving patients showed some evidence of progressive cognitive impairment, despite no previous history (B) 5/7 showed periventricular white matter lucencies, all had white matter disease. 5/7 had lobar stroke with intraventricular extension (C) Focused on 7 patients with CAA-related ICH. |
| Sakai et al. (36) | (A) Cross-sectional study (B) n = 474 (C) Japanese (D) – |
(A) None, impairment indicated by record (B) – (C) Not assessed/available |
– | – | – | (A) Impairment found in 208/442 (47.1%) after first episode, 41/77 (53.2%) after second episode, 15/24 (62.5%) after third episode, 5/9 (55.6%) after the fourth episode, and 2/2 (100%) after the fifth episode (B) Number of ICH events (C) Retrospective study of medical records focused on CAA-related ICH |
| You et al. (37) | (A) Randomized clinical trial (B) n = 231 (C) International (D) 90 days |
(A) MMSE (B) MMSE ≤ 24 for impairment, MMSE ≤ 18 for severe impairment (C) Excluded |
(A) CT (B) ICH location (lobar/deep), ICH laterality, hematoma volume, intraventricular extension, perihematoma edema at 72 h, randomized intensive BP lowering |
Glasgow coma scale (GCS), NIH Stroke Scale (baseline/24 h/7 days or discharge) | (A) Prior ICH, prior ischemic stroke, acute coronary event, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, systolic BP at presentation, diastolic BP at presentation, mean systolic BP over first 24 h (B) Age, gender (C) Antihypertensive therapy, warfarin, aspirin |
(A) 75/231 (32.5%) had MMSE ≤ 24 (B) Impairment associated with older age, female gender, history of ICH or ischemic stroke, higher baseline NIHSS, less intraventricular extension, lower diastolic BP at baseline, and higher mean systolic BP over the first 24 h. Similar results found for MMSE ≤ 18. Multivariable analysis found prior ICH, female gender, older age, higher baseline NIHSS, and higher systolic BP over first 24 h independently linked to impairment (C) – |