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. 2021 Sep 9;6:52. doi: 10.1038/s41536-021-00162-y

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 3 — a Schematic of plasma surface modification using O₂ plasma reaction gas on the surface of the FN patch. b SEM images of the O-FMN patch under various treatment times. The surface topography of the O-FMN patch showed the generation of nanopore structures without damage to the aligned nanotopography. Scale bars = 2 µm. c FT-IR analysis of the 30-min O-FMN. d XPS survey scans and e high-resolution O1s XPS spectra of FN patches and 30-min O-FMN patches. f Water contact angle measurements (n = 10 for each group) and wettability recovery (n = 5) on surfaces of the O-FMN patch. g Attachment and proliferation of cells on O-FMN patches (n = 6 for each group). After 5 days of cell culture, cell proliferation was higher on the 30-min O-FMN than on the 30-min N-FN. h Effect of O-FMN patches on the osteogenic mineralization of tenocytes. Alizarin Red staining revealed higher calcium expression levels on the 30-min O-FMN patches than on other samples and the tissue culture polystyrene substrate (TCPS). Quantification of osteogenic mineralization demonstrated the highest degree of osteogenesis by the cells on the 30-min O-FMN patches (n = 6 for each group). Scale bars = 200 µm. Error bars = mean ± standard deviation (*P < 0.05).