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. 2021 Sep 9;6:52. doi: 10.1038/s41536-021-00162-y

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — a Surgical procedure for RC tendon repair. All patches were grafted onto the defected tendon tissue after tenorrhaphy of the torn RC tendon (n = 3 for each group). b Representative histologic images of H&E staining and c Masson trichrome staining of the insertion site of FF, FN, 30-min N-FF, 30-min N-FN, 30-min O-FF, and 30-min O-FMN patches onto the supraspinatus tendon 4 weeks after repair. Scale bars = 200 µm. d Semiquantitative analysis of the histological evaluation scores on repaired tendon tissues of RC tear animal models. e Surgical procedure for rat calvarial bone repair (n = 5 for each group). f Representative histologic images of H&E staining of the insertion site of FN, N-FN, and O-FMN patches onto rat calvarial bone 6 weeks after repair. Scale bars = 1 mm. g Representative micro-CT image after 3 and 6 weeks of repair. Scale bars = 5 mm (3 weeks). Scale bars = 1 mm (6 weeks). h Quantitative analysis of bone volume and area of the bone regeneration site after 3 and 6 weeks of repair. Error bars = mean ± standard deviation (*P < 0.05).