Table 1.
Clinical characteristics and biomarkers.
| Metabolism (n) | All (48) | %IBW ≥ 0.9 | p* | %IBW < 0.9 | p* | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hyper (11) | Normal (18) | Hyper (9) | Normal (8) | ||||
| Age (years) | 71 [65, 75] | 73 [67, 75] | 69 [61, 75] | 0.62 | 71 [67, 74] | 69 [63, 74] | 0.81 |
| Sex (female) | 23/48 (48%) | 5/11 | 7/18 | 1 | 5/9 | 6/8 | 0.62 |
| Premorbid BMI | 23.2 [20.1, 25.0] | 24.5 [22.8, 25.4] | 23.9 [23.32 26.5] | 0.77 | 19.0 [18.6, 20.2] | 20.0 [19.1, 22.4] | 0.114 |
| BMI at this admission | 21 [19, 23] | 22 [21, 23] | 22 [21, 25] | 0.64 | 19 [18, 19] | 19 [17, 19] | 0.96 |
| ΔBMI (/M) |
− 0.13 [− 0.25, 0.00] |
− 0.20 [− 0.26, − 0.06] |
− 0.03 [− 0.23, 0.00] |
0.26 |
− 0.01 [− 0.19, 0.00] |
− 0.04 [− 0.55, − 0.08] |
0.114 |
| Excess weight loss (yes)† | 12/48 (25%) | 3/11 | 5/18 | 1 | 1/9 | 3/8 | 0.29 |
| Time since onset (M) | 15 [8, 30] | 10 [8, 15] | 17 [11, 34] | 0.065 | 24 [12, 31] | 9 [8, 13] | 0.048 |
| Time since the first visit | 2 [1, 5] | 1 [1, 3] | 1 [1, 6] | 0.47 | 1 [0, 18] | 2 [1, 4] | 0.92 |
| ALSFRS-R | 39 [35, 43] | 36 [32, 44] | 40 [34, 45] | 0.70 | 38 [36, 43] | 41 [40, 42] | 0.74 |
| ΔALSFRS-R | 0.59 [0.27, 0.91] | 0.60 [0.34, 1.5] | 0.42 [0.18, 0.77] | 0.22 | 0.66 [0.19, 0.73] | 0.66 [0.48, 0.91] | 0.44 |
| Bulbar type (yes) | 12/48 (25%) | 2/11 | 3/18 | 1 | 2/9 | 5/8 | 0.153 |
| FBS (mg/dl) (n) | 98 [86, 107] (40) | 97 [91, 106] (10) | 98 [89, 110] (16) | 0.90 | 104 [89, 115] (6) | 83 [83, 85] (6) | 0.023 |
| LDL (mg/dl) (n) | 109 [96, 132] (40) | 100 [85, 104] (10) | 108 [92, 127] (15) | 0.47 | 143 [117, 155] (8) | 116 [101, 138] (6) | 0.30 |
| %PEF (%) (n) | 77 [61, 91] (46) | 70 [59, 88] (10) | 90 [70, 103] (18) | 0.175 | 85 [69, 99] (8) | 65 [54, 75] (7) | 0.046 |
| %VC (%) (n) | 87 [78, 94] (46) | 85 [67, 95] (10) | 91 [84, 100] (18) | 0.175 | 81 [79, 90] (8) | 81 [61, 89] (7) | 0.72 |
| Body fat (%) (n) | 31.7 [26.2, 37.1] (46) | 34.9 [30.4, 43.7] | 30.3 [27.1, 36.4] | 0.20 | 32.1 [27.7, 37.3] | 27.2 [22.4, 31.0] | 0.114 |
| LSTM (kg) (n) | 34 [29, 40] (46) | 33 [28, 40] | 38 [33, 44] | 0.101 | 29 [24, 38] | 31 [29, 35] | 0.61 |
| mREE/LSTM (n) | 36.4 [34.4, 40.5] (46) | 40.6 [39.4, 42.1] (11) | 34.4 [33.5, 34.9] (18) | < 0.001 | 41.7 [39.5, 43.2] (9) | 34.5 [34.1, 35.6] (8) | < 0.001 |
| mREE/pREE | 1.07 [1.00, 1.16] | 1.12 [1.05, 1.25] | 1.07 [0.99, 1.08] | 0.044 | 1.08 [1.00, 1.15] | 1.02 [0.97, 1.06] | 0.28 |
| RQ < 0.85 (yes) | 29/48 (60%) | 6/11 | 10/18 | 1 | 8/9 | 4/8 | 0.131 |
| SMI (kg/m2) (n) | 5.8 [4.7, 6.4] (46) | 5.6 [4.5, 6.2] | 6.4 [5.9, 7.1] | 0.028 | 4.7 [3.7, 5.8] | 5.1 [4.6, 5.8] | 0.56 |
| PEG (yes) | 25/48 (52%) | 8/11 | 5/18 | 0.027 | 7/9 | 4/8 | 0.035 |
| NPPV (yes) | 27/48 (57%) | 7/11 | 9/18 | 0.71 | 7/9 | 4/8 | 0.34 |
Bold font was used to strengthen the statistical significance.
Data presented as median [Interquartile range]. (n) shows the number of patients in factors that have missing values. Due to missing values, the sum of the numbers in each group does necessarily equal the total number.
IBW Ideal body weight, BMI Body mass index, ALSFRS-R Revised amyotrophic lateral functional rating scale, FBS Fasting blood sugar, LDL Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, PEF Peak expiratory flow, VC Vital capacity, LSTM Lean soft tissue mass, REE Resting energy expenditure, mREE Measured REE, pREE Predicted REE, RQ Respiratory quotient, SMI Skeletal muscle index, PEG Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy, NPPV Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation.
*p value is based on Fisher’s exact test or Mann–Whitney U test. †Excess weight loss means more than 10% compared to the body weight before the illness.