TABLE 3.

Summaries of the TCM for inhibition of P. aeruginosa biofilm.

TCM	Effects on biofilm	Mechanisms	References
Patrinia scabiosifolia Link and Patrinia villosa Juss.	Disruption of biofilm formation and alteration of biofilm structure	Inhibition of exopolysaccharide production, and the expression of algU, pslM, pelA, algA, and bdlA	Fu et al. (2017)
Sodium houttuyfonate from Houttuynia cordata Thunb.	Suppression of biofilm formation and dispersion	Inhibition of BdlA expression	Wu et al. (2016); Wang et al. (2019b)
Baicalin and Baicalein from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi	Reduction of biofilm biomass	Not specified	Zeng et al. (2008)
Esculetin and Esculin from Fraxinus chinensis subsp. rhynchophylla (Hance) A.E.Murray	Reduction of biofilm biomass	Not specified	Zeng et al. (2008)
Psoralen from Psoralea corylifolia L.	Reduction of biofilm biomass	Not specified	Zeng et al. (2008)
Ligustrum sinense Lour.	Reduction of biofilm biomass	Not specified	Yang et al. (2013)
Lonicerin from Shuanghuanglian	Inhibition of biofilm formation	Inhibition of alginate secretion by sequestering AlgE	Xu H. et al. (2019)
Qingre Baidu mixture	Inhibition of biofilm development	Downregulation of AI2	Shan et al. (2019)
Qi Gui Yin	Inhibition of biofilm formation	Downregulate of expression of ArcA and IscU	Ding et al. (2021a)
Andrographolide compounds from Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Nees	Suppression of biofilm formation	Not specified	Banerjee et al. (2017); Tan Lim et al. (2021)