TABLE 5.

Summaries of TCM-modulated host immune responses during P. aeruginosa infections.

TCM	Effects on immune responses	Mechanisms	References
Qingfei Xiaoyan Wan	Reduction of lung inflammation	Suppression of PI3K/AKT and Ras/MAPK pathways, and impairment of production of TNF-α, IL-6) and RANTES	Hou et al. (2016)
Xiao Chai Hu Tang	Accumulation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and promotion the phagocytic activity of macrophages	Not specified	Kawakita et al. (1987b)
Shufengjiedu capsule	Alleviation of lung inflammation	Inhibition of ERK pathway and NF-κB activation	Li et al. (2017)
Shiunko	Promotion of epithelization in skin wound	Enhancement of fibroblast proliferation and collagen production, and suppression of skin inflammation	Huang et al. (2004); Yan et al. (2015); Imai et al. (2019)
Qi Gui Yin	Increase of B cell response and downregulation of inflammation	Enhancement of antibody reactivity to β-lactamases and reduction of the levels of IL-1β and Th1/Th2 ratio	Kong et al. (2015)
Qingre Baidu mixture	Promotion of angiogenesis and wound healing	Upregulation of the expression of HIF-1α, HIF-2α and VEGF	Shan et al. (2019)