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. 2021 Jun 30;8:409–419. doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.06.021

Fig. 2.

Fig. 2

Sonodynamic and photothermal performance of Ti3C2NSs, HL-Ti3C2-PEG NSs, and HH-Ti3C2-PEG NSs. (a) The schematic illustration of sonodynamic and photothermal properties of H–Ti3C2-PEG NSs. (b&c) ROS generation by the Ti3C2 NSs (b) and HH-Ti3C2-PEG NSs (c) with DPBF under US irradiation. (d) Comparison of the sonodynamic performance of H2O, commercial TiO2, Ti3C2 NSs, HL-Ti3C2-PEG NSs, and HH-Ti3C2-PEG NSs detected by DPBF probe (n = 3 independent samples). (e) The ESR spectra showing ROS (1O2) generation for H2O, Ti3C2 NSs, HL-Ti3C2-PEG NSs, and HH-Ti3C2-PEG NSs under the same US irradiation. (f) The ROS generation stability of the HH-Ti3C2-PEG NSs with DPBF under US irradiation in five cycles. (g) The mechanism of TiO2 NPs and H–Ti3C2-PEG NSs under US irradiation. (h) The ESR spectra demonstrating the oxygen vacancy signal of Ti3C2 NSs, HL-Ti3C2 NSs, and HH-Ti3C2 NSs at g = 2.03. (i) The photothermal heating curves of H2O, Ti3C2 NSs, HL-Ti3C2-PEG NSs, and HH-Ti3C2-PEG NSs (50 ppm, 1W·cm−2). (j) The photothermal profile of HH-Ti3C2-PEG NSs after 1064 nm laser exposure to obtain steady temperature and turn off the laser to cool down. (k) The heat stability of HH-Ti3C2-PEG NSs in five cycles laser On/Off. Error bars = standard deviation (n = 3). Data are presented as mean values ± SD. A representative image of three biological replicates from each group is shown.